คำสอน · พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์Teaching · Pra Ajarn Suraphong
โค้ชใจตัวเองเหมือนเลี้ยงลูก: บารมีสิบทัศและความต่างระหว่างอุเบกขาฌานกับอุเบกขาบารมีCoaching Your Own Mind Like Raising a Child: The Ten Perfections and the Difference Between Jhanic and Paramitic Equanimity
พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์เปรียบการฝึกใจกับการเลี้ยงดูและให้กำลังใจเด็กคนหนึ่ง สอนใจให้อดทน มีความเพียร มีเมตตา มีปัญญา ผ่านกรอบบารมีสิบทัศ พร้อมชี้ความแตกต่างสำคัญระหว่างอุเบกขาที่เป็นองค์ฌานซึ่งยังอยู่ในภพสาม กับอุเบกขาบารมีซึ่งมีปัญญาและสัจจะรองรับจนนำไปสู่อสังขตธรรมได้ ปิดท้ายด้วยการแผ่เมตตาและอุทิศส่วนกุศลPhra Ajarn Suraphong compares training the mind to raising and encouraging a child -- coaching it to be patient, diligent, kind, and wise through the framework of the ten perfections (paramis). He draws a key distinction between equanimity as a jhana factor, which still belongs to the three realms of existence, and equanimity as one of the ten perfections, which is grounded in wisdom and truthfulness and can lead to the unconditioned. The sit closes with loving-kindness and merit dedication.
Let's practice meditation together. This practice is deeply necessary and important for every life, because we live under the control of three natures. When or indeterminate side gets its chance, it presses the elements of down, and we fall from one dimension into a lower one, with sin and defilement lodging in each dimension. When this happens, life becomes difficult, because we must live with those defilements. The remedy is to abide within wholesome nature -- by whatever means: giving, morality, meditation, radiating , cultivating every wholesome quality to fullness. This draws in pure energy and clears each dimension, freeing us from one dimension into a more refined one -- returning upward through each dimension requires clearing the defilement lodged there. The easiest way is to close your eyes and meditate. Do other practices when you have the chance, but the simplest, when you have time, is to close your eyes. Once your eyes are closed, settle the mind and know what you are aware of.
Finding the Door: Settling the Mind to Enter the Inner Dimension
We need to know the state through which we will enter the dimension we are clearing. We must know clearly what we are settling on right now. If we cannot settle the mind, we cannot enter that dimension. So we must settle on knowing what we are aware of -- any meditation object will do, something to anchor our attention, so we can settle the mind and clear away the defilement that blocks and obscures, in order to enter the inner dimension and let wholesomeness clear the inner defilement. We are then freed from one dimension into another, continuously. It's like finding a door. Once we find the door, we settle the mind and encounter the state -- settle on anything, any meditation object at all, and stay with that object, staying continuously aware without forgetting. The sphere of knowing -- the sphere of -- then draws pure energy to cleanse the defilement that blocks and obscures with , and we enter that dimension. Mindfulness transforms into , refining the defilement in that dimension, and we are freed from one dimension into another. Give it time; keep focusing continuously, and we will be freed, released, turning back through one dimension after another, continuously.
Settling on Body, Feelings, Mind, and Objects: Choose a Familiar Object
Once we understand this, we now settle the mind. The Buddha taught us to settle on the body, feelings, mind, and mental objects. We can know anything within these four; all meditation objects fall within the domain of mind -- mind being thought and feeling. Each meditation subject has as many as 40 methods; whichever method we're familiar with, we use that one, think of that method, and proceed. We can settle into stillness, or recite "" while picturing the Buddha image. Whatever we settle on, we must come to know that thing -- this is the key point. If there is coarse defilement, it will act coarsely, preventing us from perceiving the state clearly -- we cannot be blamed for this; it is the defilement making our mind that way. That's fine -- keep settling, and gradually wholesome nature will clear it for us. All it takes is time. At the outset, whatever we can achieve, let us be content with that. Have , proceed gradually. As long as the mind remains coarse, it will be coarse -- expecting vivid detail right away is simply not possible. Proceed gradually, giving it time. Just stay continuously aware without forgetting.
Reciting "Samma Arahang" and the Clear Crystal Buddha Image
Settling on "Samma Arahang," we stay with each syllable of the word, while also picturing the Buddha image. The recitation and the mental image are paired together. "Samma Arahang" means uttering his name; as soon as we utter it, he appears as a clear crystal Buddha image. At first, brightness does not yet appear; so when we picture the clear crystal Buddha image, we cannot expect to see it vividly right away -- we may only see it amid darkness, and that's as far as it goes for now. Be content with that for now; it's fine, it will improve gradually on its own. There's no need to wish it were different -- take whatever we can get for now.
Like Coaching a Child: Accepting Where the Mind Is and Encouraging It
This is exactly where we need to understand the matter of abiding in -- it's like teaching a child. Right now, the child has only this much ability; we must accept, "Well, that's all it can do for now, that's fine" -- it can develop, it develops gradually, and wholesome nature will correct it in time. But we must understand: since it is still coarse right now, coarse like this, that's simply as far as it goes for now. Don't pressure it -- don't put pressure on it at all. We must only encourage it, give it more time. There is only one condition: give as much time as possible to wholesome dhamma. Everything else is a matter of encouragement -- be sfied with whatever we can achieve for now, have contentment, give it time, and have enthusiasm, attentiveness, effort, and focus through the bases of accomplishment, together with contentment.
Ten Ways of Teaching the Mind: Coaching Our Own Mind Like Coaching a Child
Give encouragement to ourselves, encourage our own mind. The mind must be guided, led, instructed, and taught, while also being given strength -- never undermined. Keep supporting it, comforting it, pushing it forward with diligent effort. Teach the mind to be patient, to step away from sensual pleasure. Teach the mind to endure. Teach the mind to be persistent. Teach the mind to stay with the truth -- whatever we want, we simply settle on it, because the mind is a ready-made element. Teach the mind to have a generous heart, moist with loving-kindness. Teach the mind to only give -- to be generous, forgiving, to give material gifts, the gift of forgiveness, the gift of , to give good fortune to others, safety to people and beings, and to the mind itself. And teach the mind to step away from sensual pleasure, so it can be freed to enter the inner dimension. Give the mind wisdom, so it does not delight in unwholesomeness but delights in wholesome dhamma. Give the mind , so it becomes clear and bright, understanding clearly until vision or inspiration arises, gradually growing, and awareness dawns to change life for the better. When the mind is ready, give it strength -- persistent, diligent effort pushing it forward continuously; perseverance and diligence are the force that drives the mind onward. When the mind meets suffering, give it and endurance, and teach it to practice austerity -- burning away defilements with ardent effort, fighting to burn away defilements through austere practice.
Facing Suffering With Patience and Austerity
Face directly. There must be defilement for there to be suffering. If we flee from suffering, we are fleeing from defilement. Those who flee from defilement, who flee from suffering, dare not face it, and can never encounter the truth -- they are simply cowards. Only noble ones dare to face suffering, which is the truth. It is the result of our own past unwholesome actions, which give rise to defilement; and once defilement arises, it must yield its result as hardship and difficulty -- a state that must be endured, and endured with difficulty. We must face this truth directly. Truth exists only in each present moment -- it cannot exist in the past or future, even the near past or near future. We must face it in every present moment; this is how we abide with truth. The stream of merit flows through when we abide in truth. The Triple Gem then appears radiant; we appear radiant within them, and they appear radiant within us; both we and they appear radiant within Nibbana, within the presence of the Knowing Ones of boundless power, countless beyond number.
True-Wish Aspiration: Nibbana as the Ultimate Truth
To attain this, we must abide only in each present moment. Abiding with the present is abiding with wholesome nature. When we abide with the Knowing One of great power, whatever we set our intention on is easily accomplished; whatever we aspire to succeeds. So the perfection of aspiration must be supported by the perfection of truthfulness -- which is Nibbana. Nibbana is the ultimate truth, the truth beyond all truths. Thus, whatever we set our intention on can succeed quickly and easily; true-wish aspiration and truthfulness go hand in hand. Once we have true-wish aspiration, we can benefit anyone, because the mind is a ready-made element -- loving-kindness. We become the center from which boundless benefit flows to people and beings. We become a channel for the power of the Knowing Ones -- namely, Nibbana. We become their base of operations. Once loving-kindness is established, it yields vast benefit to the people of the world and all beings; we become the center through which the world and all beings receive benefit. The refining and correcting of people, beings, and ourselves then happens simultaneously, until we can attain the perfection of equanimity.
The Perfection of Equanimity vs. the Equanimity of Jhāna: A Key Distinction
The perfection of equanimity is considered the culmination of all the perfections. It makes the mind balanced and still, with a heart like the earth -- unmoved by delight or aversion toward any unwholesome stimulus. This is why the culmination of the perfections is equanimity. Even itself has initial thought, sustained thought, , bliss, one-pointedness, and equanimity -- and the culmination of jhāna is likewise equanimity. The culmination of the perfections is equanimity too. But the equanimity of jhāna still remains within the three realms of existence, whereas the equanimity of the perfections is grounded in wisdom, noble patience, and truthfulness, and so it can elevate one into the unconditioned dhamma. Only the equanimity of the dhamma-mind, the equanimity of the perfections, leads to the unconditioned dhamma and can bring about liberation from the cycle of rebirth in this way. So let us settle the mind continuously without forgetting -- all of this is truly a matter of teaching the mind. With mindfulness settling the mind, stay continuously aware without forgetting; whatever we settle on, we must know it; the mind gets placed there; wherever we settle, the mind goes there.
From the Sphere of Mindfulness to the Sphere of Clear Comprehension: Entering Finer Dimensions
The sphere of knowing -- the sphere of mindfulness, of recollection and recall -- arises at the exact position we settle on, then draws in pure energy to cleanse the defilement blocking and obscuring that position. Once the obscuring element of ignorance is gone, we enter the dimension at that position. Entering the inner dimension is like entering a room -- even if it is dim, hazy, and dark, mindfulness transforms into clear comprehension, perceiving the state in every corner of that room. Clarity gradually appears, one thing becoming clear after another. Mindfulness -- recollection and recall, self-awareness -- relies on mindfulness itself, but perceiving fine detail requires clear comprehension, which goes down into all the particulars. Merit flows into the brightness of the sphere of clear comprehension, perceiving thoroughly in every corner, bringing us into ever finer dimensions, layer by layer. As clear comprehension perceives the sphere of mindfulness, the sphere of mindfulness and clear comprehension together draw energy to flow through and cleanse defilement. Once defilement is cleansed, we enter finer and deeper dimensions, layer by layer, into the center of the center -- not left, not right, not forward, not back, not up, not down, but continuously into the center of the center like this. It becomes ever more refined; as it refines, defilement is cleansed away, the body becomes light, the mind becomes light. What is unsettled has defilement in it; once defilement is cleared away, the body becomes calm, not restless, and the mind becomes calm, not restless. What was coarse becomes refined; what was heavy becomes light -- heaviness of body and mind becomes lightness of body and mind. Dishonesty transforms into honesty, arising naturally through whose sphere brightens -- the body becomes upright, the mind becomes upright, and body and mind fit for work naturally arise. All of this happens on its own, because there is a mechanism that makes it happen this way -- we only need to settle the mind, staying continuously aware without forgetting, knowing pleasantly and continuously, with a relaxed, easeful mind -- clear, cool, still, soft, relaxed, and at ease.
Try the Tool That Is Familiar and Effective
Whichever meditation object we are familiar with, use that one -- whether it has worked before or not, we can use mindfulness as an anchor to stay continuously aware without forgetting. A tool we've used and found effective -- some things have worked since long-past lifetimes; once we do it, we feel, "this is it" -- there's a clear, continuous signal. We should try each type of tool, testing which one works, which meditation object gives a clear and continuous signal -- we need to try it out. Stay continuously aware without forgetting, knowing what we are aware of; whatever we feel, the mind is placed there. The sphere of knowing, with the sphere of mindfulness -- recollection and recall -- appears clear and bright, drawing energy to cleanse the defilement blocking and obscuring with ignorance, making it lighter until it's gone, then entering dimension after dimension, continuing on, settling and knowing pleasantly and continuously. When the sphere of knowing -- the sphere of mindfulness -- arises, pure energy, that is, merit, flows in continuously through the sphere of mindfulness, filled with and purity, clear and bright at the center. This becomes every kind of attainment -- attainment of form, of wealth, of , of retinue, of fame, praise, happiness, the path, fruit, and Nibbana -- all complete and abundant within the sphere. Merit flowing through us means refined attainments flow through us too, and these refined attainments draw in worldly abundance into our lives.
Radiating Loving-Kindness With a Mother's Heart to the World and Cosmos
Once we have cultivated goodness in our own lives, we go on to do good that benefits the people of the world and all beings by developing loving-kindness. Our revered preceptor taught us to draw upon the heart of a mother, brimming with love and goodwill toward her young child, and to settle that very heart within our own mind. Loving-kindness then appears radiant. Our role is simply to settle the mind -- whatever dhamma we settle on, that dhamma arises, and it can only arise in one place: the mind. Wherever we settle, the mind goes there. As we think of love, kindness, and goodwill, the sphere of loving-kindness arises, round, clear, and bright. Loving-kindness draws in the energy of merit, flowing into the brightness of that sphere. Its special quality is the power to dissolve the resentment and irritation present in the hearts of people, beings, and things. We then form a good wish for people and all beings: may the people of the world and all beings be free from suffering and find happiness; may those who suffer much suffer less; may those who suffer little be entirely free of suffering and happy; may those with little happiness find more; may those with much happiness find even more. Having formed this good wish, we expand the mind imbued with loving-kindness to cover our home. Since loving-kindness relies on the mind as its origin, wherever the mind expands to, loving-kindness refines every atom of the people and beings there, making them radiant, clear, clean, and pure. It expands further to cover the whole village, continuing to the district, province, country, neighboring countries, until it covers the entire world, making this world like a crystal world, radiant, clear, cool, clean, pure. May the people of the world and all beings be free from suffering and find happiness -- celestial beings of the earth, of trees, of the sky, heavenly beings of every realm, brahmas, formless brahmas, and also hell-beings, asuras, and animals -- may all beings be free from suffering and find happiness. It extends further into the atmosphere of the cosmos, covering countless stars -- tens, hundreds, thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions -- and continuing on to ten thousand world-systems, hundreds of billions of universes, infinite universes. Loving-kindness shines through every atom of every person and being, making all radiant, clear, cool, clean, pure.
Loving-Kindness Cleanses Defilement and Benefits the Environment
This loving-kindness expands into the hearts of people and all beings, dissolving the resentment and irritation lodged there entirely. Wholesome nature then takes the opportunity to reside as the ruling force, drawing in pure energy to drive the wholesome system, refining and correcting the elements of dhamma within us to be clean and pure, freeing us from one dimension into another. The proportion of wholesomeness increases, and the force of the unwholesome, indeterminate nature diminishes. Beyond this, loving-kindness also shines into every atom of the atmosphere -- earth, water, air, sky, mountains, seas, oceans, trees and grass, buildings and homes, belongings, crops and food -- making them radiant, clear, cool, clean, pure, fitting for people and beings to live in. Good things arise abundantly every time we cultivate loving-kindness. Whoever benefits the world and the cosmos may in turn draw on the resources of the world and the cosmos.
Dedication of Merit and the Closing Aspiration
We then settle on this radiant loving-kindness; the light of the merit-element continues to well up and flow within the brightness of loving-kindness continuously. We dedicate this merit to arise for the people of the world and all beings: may the people of the world and all beings be free from suffering and find happiness, and may they share in the merit we have sincerely made. This includes our ancestors, grandparents, teachers, and all our benefactors, as well as the celestial beings who help and support us, and any beings we may have wronged, our karmic counterparties of every kind; may we forgive one another and share fully in this merit. We then gather the mind to stop and be still within the stream of merit that continues to well up and flow continuously, resting in the midst of the happiness and purity of merit. We gather the mind to stop and be still within the Triple Gem -- within the Buddha-jewel, the Dhamma-jewel, the Sangha-jewel, and the great venerable teachers -- within the utterly refined dhamma body of our revered preceptor, of our revered teacher, and we rest within the utterly refined dhamma body of our respected teacher (Khun Yay). The mind is a ready-made element; whatever we settle on, that is what arises, even while we remain in dimness, haziness, darkness. Settling the mind is the essential work of a human being. Whatever we settle on appears at the mind, whether that thing is good or not. Settling on what is good and wholesome, that goodness appears together with its qualities and its mission -- this is why it is said that Dhamma is duty. We need to merge ourselves with the Triple Gem and the great venerable teachers into one, for they hold boundless goodness toward us. Every single moment, they help and support us continuously, refining and correcting the elements of dhamma within us to be clean and pure, whether we are aware of it or not, whether we stand, walk, sit, lie down, or behave carelessly and irresponsibly. The Triple Gem never ceases helping and correcting us so we may be freed from suffering and find happiness. This is why it is said that the Triple Gem is our highest refuge -- there is no greater refuge than this. Every time we think deeply of them, we appear radiant within them, and they appear radiant within us; both we and they appear radiant within Nibbana, within the presence of the Knowing Ones of boundless power, countless beyond number.
We take this auspicious moment, appearing radiant within them, to pay respects and ask for blessings, setting our intention deep within this bright sphere of merit, so that throughout our path of building perfections, our lives may be transformed by knowledge paired with happiness and purity, and by success in everything right and good. We ask for the blessing of merit, radiance, strength, power, and the decisive authority of Nibbana throughout all elements and all dhamma, together with the blessing of our revered preceptor, our revered teacher, and our respected teacher. May all this merit combine with the merit we have sincerely accumulated since our very first life, through countless lifetimes up to the present, becoming sacred merit of great power, refining our body, speech, mind, and the elements of seeing, remembering, thinking, knowing -- earth, water, wind, fire, space, and consciousness -- making them radiant, clear, cool, clean, pure. May we be freed from misfortune and the results of past wrongdoing, from every obstacle in life, all dissolved and gone -- greed, hatred, delusion, lust, ignorance, wrong views, craving, and clinging entirely eradicated without residue. May we gain the eye that sees the Dhamma, penetrating and mastering the knowledge of the dhammakaya. May we have strong health and a long life, able to build merit and perfections throughout our lives, with unwavering courage in building perfections, heading straight along the path to Nibbana, to the ultimate end of Dhamma. May all these good wishes come to fruition for us all, from this moment onward, in every life until the ultimate end of Dhamma, by the boundless power of every Fully Self-Enlightened Buddha. May all our aspirations be fulfilled.