คำสอน · พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์Teaching · Pra Ajarn Suraphong
เสียงภายในที่ดื้อรั้นไม่ยอมหาย: กำหนดรู้เพื่อเห็นกลไกของอกุศลจิตThe Stubborn Inner Voice That Won't Go Quiet: Determining and Knowing to See How the Unwholesome Mind Works
พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์อธิบายว่าเมื่ออกุศลจิตเข้าสิงใจ จะมีเสียงภายในคอยชี้นำตอกย้ำอย่างดื้อรั้น แม้พยายามปฏิเสธก็ไม่หาย จนบางครั้งต้องยอมทำตามทั้งที่รู้ว่าไม่ถูกต้อง ท่านสอนให้ใช้การกำหนดรู้ในกายเวทนาจิตธรรมเพื่อเห็นกลไกนี้ตามความเป็นจริง ก่อนนำเข้าสู่การเจริญเมตตาธรรมและอธิษฐานจิตปิดท้ายPhra Ajarn Suraphong describes how, when an unwholesome mind-state possesses us, an inner voice keeps directing and nagging with stubborn persistence — refusing to fade even when we try to reject it, until we eventually give in and act on it, even knowing it's wrong. He teaches determining and knowing body, feeling, mind, and mental objects as the way to see this mechanism clearly, before guiding listeners through radiating loving-kindness and a closing dedication of merit.
Practicing is deeply necessary for every life, because we live under the influence of three kinds of natural forces. Only system can give us benefit, , understanding, correctness, goodness, , and the fulfillment of our wishes. Apart from the wholesome nature, no other nature can give any benefit at all — and if that nature is unwholesome, it brings us suffering and harm. So we must learn, understand, and train ourselves to dwell with the wholesome nature, as the Buddha taught: "Monks, you should clearly know body, feeling, mind, and mental objects, in order to remove craving-attachment and aversion toward the world."
Determining Means Marking, and It Draws In the Energy of Merit
To determine means to mark, to specify, to point precisely. Wherever we determine, the heart is placed there — this is called paying attention. Once we determine and know, the orb of knowing, the orb of , arises at the heart, because — whether wholesome, unwholesome, or neutral — can only ever arise in one place, and nowhere else. When we determine and know, that is paying attention, going in to perceive at that location. Wherever we determine and know, wherever mindfulness stands, the drawing-in of pure energy happens right there. This pure energy, called merit, is continuously drawn into the brightness of that wholesome orb, that orb of knowing and mindfulness. Once drawn in, it drives the wholesome system to purify all defilement, thinning it out. Defilement is what creates problems and obstacles, resulting in hardship and difficulty for our life and our practice.
Liberation Happens Bit by Bit, Like a Standing That Slowly Shifts
Merit is , and it is naturally opposed to defilement. As purity is continuously drawn in, purification happens continuously too. As defilement is purified and thinned, problems, obstacles, and difficulty lessen; and once defilement is fully purified away, purity and liberation can arise — even while we may still feel somewhat dim and unclear. This liberation happens because the defilement that used to bind and hold us to our old dimension is gone, entirely without our even realizing it. But this liberation happens little by little, dimension by dimension. What we notice is simply feeling more open, more at ease, more comfortable — life feels easier to live. Our standing gradually shifts, giving us access to more valuable resources waiting at every stage of liberation: purer, more sacred merit-substance, refined possessions of greater value, and more exquisite completed blueprints. Inner standing is the cause; outer standing is the result.
Determining and Knowing Body, Feeling, Mind, and Mental Objects: Four Domains
In determining and knowing, we can work within the domains of body, feeling, mind, and mental objects — these four. Determining in the body, such as at the rising and falling of the abdomen, lets us perceive whatever we determine right there, because the heart is placed there and mindfulness stands there. Whichever domain we determine, we should cultivate desire and effort, paying close attention and reflecting on the senon at that point, until our perception becomes dense and clear enough to become an "object" (arom) that can hold the heart. At first it is only a fleeting sensation; but as we keep paying attention, cultivating desire, effort, focus, and reflection again and again continuously, merit is drawn in to purify defilement, thinning it more and more. We are then able to enter the inner dimension and perceive the object clearly, holding it fixed to the heart. Whether we determine at the abdomen, the breath, or the body as a whole, the same principle applies: determine and know continuously without forgetting, cultivating desire, attention, focus, and reflection on that sensation continuously.
The Three Feelings: Pleasant, Unpleasant, Neither
Besides the body, we can determine within feeling, which has three domains: pleasant feeling, unpleasant feeling, and neither-pleasant-nor-unpleasant feeling. Whenever a wholesome nature holds the "household" of the heart, we perceive pleasant feeling — comfort and ease. But whenever an unwholesome nature holds the household, we perceive unpleasant feeling, because that is the quality nature must display at the heart. Whichever nature comes to possess and hold the household displays its own quality, because it acts through the heart — and so these feelings appear there.
Mind and Mental Objects: The Data of Thought and Mental Factors
Mind (citta) refers to all thought and reflection; the voice of thought appears at the heart, sometimes as image, sometimes as sound, sometimes both. All the recollection-based meditation methods we learn are, in fact, all data belonging to the mind. Mental objects (dhamma), in this context, refer to s () — the mood of the mind. Whichever mind arises, its mood appears along with it. An unwholesome mind arises because an unwholesome nature has become the "household-holder"; it brings its own type of mind, arising together with unwholesome mental factors. All these thoughts and feelings then appear at our heart, and it feels as though we are thinking them ourselves.
The Stubborn Inner Voice That Refuses to Fade, Even When Rejected
When we notice a voice arising at the heart, most people assume it is their own voice. Even when we refuse it — refuse to be directed toward something wrong — simply stopping the thought should make it go away. But no matter how hard we try to push it away, that voice remains stubbornly there, disturbing our heart continuously, directing us at every moment. Sometimes, unable to bear the voice's relentless nagging and insistence any longer, we give in and act wrongly — accepting it and committing the wrongdoing. This draws in unwholesome kamma, becoming a karmic result we must eventually endure as suffering.
Only by determining and knowing body, feeling, mind, and mental objects can we come to know and understand this directing nature and the mechanism by which it works. We see its impermanence — now good, now bad, now right, now wrong; the directing voice shifts constantly between good and bad, right and wrong. Whenever an unwholesome state possesses the mind, suffering appears; and whenever the fruit of past unwholesome kamma ripens, suffering appears as well. Every time an unwholesome state reaches the mind — or whenever any of the three natural forces manages to seize the "household" — it brings body, feeling, mind, and mental objects at various levels to overlay themselves on our heart, on our human faculties of seeing, remembering, thinking, and knowing. When this happens, we come to recognize that it is not our true self.
Insight: Seeing the Mechanism of the Three Characteristics and the Law of Kamma
By determining and knowing body, feeling, mind, and mental objects again and again, we come to see the mechanism of the law of the Three Characteristics, and how it functions in creating . When this law directs us to create causes that produce results according to the law of kamma, we call this process (vipassanā) — determining and knowing, understanding the true nature of things and how they work. But if what we seek is calm from the defilement that disturbs us, we simply determine and know the feeling and the object that truly appears, perceiving calm. It is enough simply to determine and know continuously, without forgetting.
A Familiar Meditation Object: Breath Awareness as an Example
We simply determine and know our chosen meditation practice, which has a clear and continuous signal, staying with that signal pleasantly and continuously. All we need is the orb of knowing, the orb of mindfulness, arising to perceive the signal of whatever meditation practice we use — such as the breath, in : we know the in-breath touching the nostril wall, we know the out-breath flowing past it, we know when it is long, we know when it is short. Simply perceiving this continuously and pleasantly is enough — pure energy then arises, and the orb of knowing draws in that pure energy to purify defilement, thinning it out. Simply stay aware continuously without forgetting, pleasantly, continuously; all we need is for the orb of knowing, the orb of mindfulness, to arise.
From Daily Purification to a Gradually Rising Standing
Having done good and beneficial work through meditation practice — determining and knowing so the orb of knowing, the orb of mindfulness, arises continuously — this orb draws in pure energy to purify all defiling stains, thinning them until they vanish. Once defilement is gone, purity and liberation arise continuously, bringing us access to many superior resources: purer merit-substance, more refined possessions, and more exquisite completed blueprints. Our standing gradually, continuously shifts. Clearing defilement each day prevents tomorrow's problems and obstacles from arising; but if we fail to clear it daily, those problems will arise.
Radiating Loving-Kindness Across the World and the Universe
Having brought about good for ourselves, we go on to bring about good for the people and beings of the world, by cultivating . Simply by sincerely wishing love and goodwill: may the people of the world and all beings be free from suffering and share in happiness. With this simple, sincere wish, the orb of loving-kindness becomes bright and clear at the center of our heart. We then expand this heart, filled with sincere love and goodwill, outward to benefit people and all beings — loving-kindness shines into every particle of people, beings, and things, through our own heart. Wherever our heart expands, loving-kindness shines there too, because loving-kindness relies on the heart as its birthplace.
Let us expand this heart, filled with love, kindness, and sincere goodwill, out to the village, sub-district, district, province, our country, other countries, and finally the entire world, and continue expanding into the universe — from this universe to countless other universes, with their hundreds, thousands, millions of stars. Gather the heart to stillness within loving-kindness, expanding boundlessly to benefit people, beings, things, and all dhamma-elements. The stream of merit continues to well up continuously within the brightness of this orb of loving-kindness.
Dedicating Merit and Forgiving Karmic Counterparts
We then dedicate this merit to the people of the world and all beings, including our ancestors and relatives. May the people of the world and all beings share in this merit we have sincerely done — our ancestors, parents, siblings, grandparents, our benefactor teachers, the devas who help and support us, and those who tend and protect all beings. May we forgive one another with all the karmic counterparts (khu kam khu wen) we have ever wronged, and may they too receive this merit in full.
Resting Still Within the Inner Triple Gem and Closing Aspiration
We then rest still within the bright orb of merit that continues welling up within the brightness of loving-kindness. Gather the heart to stop, gather the heart to be still, recollecting the inner Triple Gem. As we recollect them, they appear bright within themselves, and appear bright within us — the Buddha Jewel, the Dhamma Jewel, the Sangha Jewel, together with the great revered teachers. We gather the heart to stillness within the refined Dhammakaya of the revered Grand Teacher, the revered Father Teacher, and the Lady Teacher. The heart is a substance of accomplishment — determine it however you wish, and it becomes so. As we reach them, we appear bright within them, and they appear bright within us; both we and they appear bright within Nibbana, within the boundless, countless wise and powerful beings.
Once we are bright within the center of Nibbana — every Buddha, every Solitary Buddha, and every Arahant — we pay homage and seal a completed within this bright orb of merit, so that our entire path of building perfections is complete with knowledge, happiness, and purity, and the fulfillment of every good and correct wish. We ask for the blessing, radiance, strength, and sacred power of Nibbana throughout all elements and Dhamma, together with the merit of the revered Grand Teacher, Father Teacher, and Lady Teacher, combined with all merit accumulated since our first life, so that body, speech, mind, and every element become bright, cool, clean, and pure; that we be released from calamity, sin, karmic retribution, and every obstacle; that greed, hatred, delusion, lust, , wrong view, craving, and clinging be extinguished without remainder; that we attain the Dhamma-eye and fully penetrate the Dhammakaya knowledge, complete with the Three Knowledges, the Eight Knowledges, the Six Higher Powers, the Four Analytical Insights, the Eight Liberations, and the Fifteen Conducts; with strong health and long life; born into a right-view family, a crystal family, a Dhammakaya family — closing with the chant that all these good and sincere wishes be fulfilled for us all.