คำสอน · พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์Teaching · Pra Ajarn Suraphong
เด็กร้องไห้แล้วก็หัวเราะ กับข้าวที่ปลูกวันนี้ต้องรอเก็บเกี่ยวชาติหน้า: สองอุปมาแห่งไตรลักษณ์The Child Who Cries Then Laughs, and the Rice Planted in a Past Life: Two Similes of Impermanence
พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์เปรียบเทียบใจที่แปรปรวนเดี๋ยวดีเดี๋ยวร้ายกับเด็กที่เพิ่งร้องไห้แล้วก็หัวเราะได้ในพริบตา อันเป็นผลจากธรรมชาติ 3 ฝ่ายผลัดกันชิงช่วงชิงเป็นเจ้าเรือนใจ และเปรียบเทียบช่องว่างระหว่างเหตุกับผลด้วยอุปมาการปลูกข้าวชาติที่แล้วแล้วมาเก็บเกี่ยวในชาตินี้ พร้อมนำเข้าสู่การเจริญภาวนาสัมมาอะระหัง แผ่เมตตา และอธิษฐานจิตเต็มรูปแบบPhra Ajarn Suraphong compares our swinging moods — happy one moment, upset the next — to a child who was just crying and is now laughing, the result of the three natures contesting control of the mind moment by moment. He also uses the image of rice planted in a past life and harvested in this one, to illustrate the gap between creating a cause and receiving its result. The talk moves into the full guided sit: the Sammā Arahaṃ recitation, crystal Buddha-image visualization, mettā radiation, and dedication of merit.
Phra Ajarn opens by explaining that practice is essential for every life, because we live under the control of three natures, and only () system gives us , prosperity, success, fulfillment of our wishes, , and understanding of what is right and good. No other nature gives any benefit at all — if unwholesome, it only creates suffering and harm.
The heart of the teaching: clear awareness of body, feeling, mind, and mind-objects
The Buddha taught the monastic community: "Monks, you should clearly discern body, feeling, mind, and mind-objects, in order to remove craving and aversion toward the world." Wholesomeness can only arise through awareness, because when a wholesome nature seizes the moment, it guides us to bring things into awareness. Wherever we place awareness, the mind is placed there too, so that we come to know it. Once the mind is set at the point we have marked, awareness — — settles: this is called setting the intention. The instant we set intention, pure energy is drawn in, driving the wholesome system. Once the wholesome system is at work, it clears away defilements — the very source of problems and difficulties.
From coarse dimensions to subtle ones
As defilements lighten, obstacles lighten too. Once defilements clear entirely, and liberation arise, moving us from one dimension into the next — because defilement is what ties and binds us to the old system, preventing liberation. Once we purify what binds us, we are liberated into a dimension that is more refined, more exquisite, better — even while we remain somewhat hazy and dim, the wholesome system continues to liberate us. As we reach a more refined dimension, we gain access to better resources — purer, more sacred, better at clearing defilement — the subtle assets within the sphere of merit carry greater value, the "completed blueprint" is more exquisite, and the knowers of that more refined dimension are wiser still. Once we act, these powerful beings descend to refine and help us, so we succeed easily.
Awareness in four domains, and the details of feeling, mind, and mind-objects
The Buddha taught awareness in four domains: body, feeling, mind, and mind-objects. Body includes things connected to it, such as the breath, bodily awareness, and awareness at . Feeling is pleasant, unpleasant, or neither, registering the qualities of whichever nature is present — wholesome feels like happiness and ease; unwholesome feels like suffering, a state hard to bear; but neutral () feels indifferent — different from the equanimity of upekkhā. Neutral feeling is simply neither pleasant nor unpleasant in itself, whereas equanimity can register pleasure, pain, joy, and sorrow, but then lets the mind rest, remaining neutral, balanced, undisturbed by whatever stirs it toward delight or displeasure.
Mind-objects () are the details of feeling — the s () of the mind, its moods: boredom, gloom, tedium, stress, irritation, weariness, discouragement, despair, anxiety, restlessness, resentment — these belong to category. Relaxation, clarity, spaciousness, lightness and ease belong to the wholesome category. Mind (citta) is thought itself, the domain of mental formations. When unwholesomeness enters and takes residence as landlord of the mind, it overlays its own mind and mental factors, so its feelings and thoughts appear at our heart. All Dhamma can arise in only one place — the mind — nowhere else. The mind is our instrument of knowing; whatever it knows, we know.
The simile of the crying, laughing child: the three natures contesting control
Phra Ajarn explains: sometimes we notice our own feelings and thoughts changing — good one moment, terrible the next, up and down, uncertain, impermanent (anicca). This happens because, moment to moment, the three natures compete for the moment, and this is why impermanence arises. Whenever unwholesomeness takes residence, its nature expresses itself as suffering appearing in our feeling. Its mind and mental factors overlay and direct our body, feeling, mind, and mind-objects together as a whole set. Sometimes, then, we feel like an incorrect, unwholesome self; sometimes we feel good, sometimes not. The body, feeling, mind, and mind-objects that overlay us moment to moment are therefore not our true self — they keep changing, sometimes very good, sometimes only slightly good, sometimes deeply suffering, sometimes only mildly so. This is the three characteristics (ti-lakkhaṇa). Every life abides within this law, because the contest among the three natures for control happens all the time. Phra Ajarn compares this to a child who was just crying moments ago and is now laughing — or was just laughing and is now crying. This is the picture of a mind stirred and scattered toward delight and displeasure, unable to find balance.
Equanimity and the tatramajjhattatā mental factor
Given this, the Buddha taught us not to be swayed by delight or displeasure — this is the conclusion, the very goal, of developing the four foundations of mindfulness (paṭṭhāna). It means setting the mind at neutral, in equanimity, through the mental factor called tatramajjhattatā cetasika, which arises together with wholesome states. This mental factor lets us abide in a neutral mind — registering all realities, yet remaining neutral, not swept into delight or displeasure. The mind becomes balanced; once balanced, it can settle firmly; once it settles continuously, it becomes stable. But if the mind is stirred and scattered, it cannot find balance, and it swings between delight and displeasure.
Mindfulness arises, ignorance falls away
We maintain awareness without lapsing — the role of the human body is precisely to maintain awareness. When we bring something into awareness, mindfulness settles; mindfulness is the capacity to recollect and to know. Once it settles, — the sphere of not-knowing — falls away. Mindfulness then draws in pure energy. But when unwholesomeness seizes the moment and takes residence, mindfulness fades and ignorance arises again, its obscuring element concealing reality from us for a while. When wholesomeness seizes the moment back, we recollect ourselves once more; wholesomeness guides us to bring things into awareness again, clearing the obscuring element moment by moment. This contest shifts back and forth constantly, from the moment we wake until we fall asleep — impermanence arises continuously. This is why we must learn to abide in the cultivation of , so that wholesomeness can occupy the mind more, taking residence for longer, more continuous stretches.
The simile of planting rice and waiting to harvest: the gap between cause and result
In developing right mindfulness, we can bring awareness to body, feeling, mind, and mind-objects, whether in the domain of calm () or (vipassanā) — whatever we're accustomed to and whatever method works is the one to use. Once we have created something beneficial for ourselves, both coarse and subtle levels work together — coarsely, we harvest results; and in developing right mindfulness, we create causes in the present for results in the future, near or far. Phra Ajarn offers this simile: it's like planting rice in a past life and only now, in this life, coming to harvest it. The present works the same way — we create causes now so that in the future we may harvest the results.
Our teachers instruct us to place the mind at the seventh base, the center of the body
In developing right mindfulness, we can bring awareness to body, feeling, mind, and mind-objects, in either the calm or insight approach — whichever method proves effective is the one to use. Our revered teachers instruct us to place the mind at the center of the body, . When we focus there, we see two lines crossing to form an X at the level of the navel, two finger-widths above it — a crystal sphere, with the Buddha image nested inside. We recite "Sammā Arahaṃ, Sammā Arahaṃ" — this is speaking his name, the honorific title of the Sammā-Arahaṃ Dhamma body — the One who has practiced rightly and correctly, whose practice leads far from all defilement.
The Buddha image appears; merging into the crystal Dhamma body
As we recite Sammā Arahaṃ, the Buddha image — the Arahant Dhamma body, our true self — appears within our body and mind, at the position of the seventh base, the center of the body. When he appears, he does not appear for nothing — he takes our elements of seeing, remembering, thinking, knowing, earth, water, wind, fire, space, and consciousness, and refines them to be clean and pure. With every recitation, he appears again, layer upon layer, merging into oneness with us — each manifestation appearing at the center of our body and mind, until our entire body becomes the crystal Dhamma body, radiant, cool, clean, and pure.
Our head becomes the clear crystal of , crowned with a luminous, radiant lotus bud. Our face becomes the face of the crystal Dhamma body, eyes gently closed, with a serene, softly smiling countenance. Forehead, nose, cheeks, mouth, and chin all become the radiant, cool, clean, pure crystal Dhamma body. Shoulders and both arms down to the fingertips become the gentle, soft, delicate crystal Dhamma body. Chest, abdomen, and back become the radiant, cool, clean, pure crystal Dhamma body. Hips, thighs, knees, shins, and feet all become the gentle, soft, delicate crystal Dhamma body. The mind is an accomplished element — however we set it, it becomes so. He is our true self, dwelling with us at all times, day and night — whether we sleep, wake, stand, walk, sit, or lie down, he abides within us. Each person has their own Dhamma body, which is their own true self.
Stillness within stillness, into the center of the center
Once we've merged into a single unity, we merge our mind with his mind too. What is he doing, dwelling within us? He is cultivating cessation, stilling the mind, resting the mind. Whatever he does, we do the same. We gather our mind to stop, to still, still within stillness, into the center of the center of the center — the Buddha image at the center of our body. We maintain awareness without lapsing; once awareness settles, it draws pure energy, subtle assets, and the completed blueprint, flowing continuously into the center of our body as a stream of merit and assets. Pure merit-elements flowing in drive the wholesome system, clearing away defilement. As defilement clears, purity and liberation arise continuously in each dimension and each moment. Stay aware, enjoying the process, with a relaxed and easeful mind, neither delighted nor displeased, the mind kept neutral.
Purify the body, then purify the mind, each day
When we come to develop right mindfulness — after finishing our daily work and duties, returning home, we first cleanse the body, then cleanse the mind through the cultivation of right mindfulness, bringing things into awareness, staying aware without lapsing, staying with the wholesome system. As mindfulness settles, it clears away ignorance. Awareness — mindfulness — draws in pure energy along with subtle assets and the completed blueprint, flowing continuously into the brightness of that awareness. The merit-element flowing in drives the wholesome system, refining our elements to be clean and pure, liberating us continuously from one dimension to the next. Our standing changes.
Radiating loving-kindness to all beings and the cosmos
Once we have created something beneficial for ourselves, we go on to create benefit for the world and all beings, using as the tool the wholesome side uses to sustain the world and cosmos. Simply by sincerely wishing that all beings be free from suffering and share in happiness, mettā arises in the center of our mind; pure merit-elements flow continuously into the brightness of that mettā, refining our mind to be clean and pure, clearing away resentment and ill-will. We then expand this heart, filled with mettā, to cover our home, then our village, sub-district, district, province, our whole country and neighboring nations, until it covers the entire world, turning it into a crystal globe, radiant, cool, clean, and pure. May the world and all beings be free from suffering and share in happiness — celestial beings of earth, air, and sky, heavenly beings of every realm, brahmas and formless brahmas, as well as beings in hell, hungry ghosts, and animals.
We then extend the radiance to the atmosphere of the cosmos, covering countless stars, tens of thousands of world-systems, hundreds of billions of universes, letting our mettā shine and benefit all people and beings without limit. Our mind expands, joyful, open, light. Mettā shines into the hearts of people and beings, clearing away resentment, an obstruction, until it disappears. Wholesomeness gets the chance to take residence, drawing in pure energy to drive the wholesome system further. Beyond benefiting the world and beings, mettā also refines all things: earth, water, air, sky, clouds, mist, seas, rivers, canals, mountains, forests, buildings, homes, and belongings, making them all suitable dwelling places. Every time we cultivate mettā, something good arises continuously. Whoever creates benefit for the world and the cosmos, he says, can rightly make use of its resources.
Dedicating merit and forgiving karmic counterparties
We settle the mind, still, within the mettā, where the merit stream (กระแสธารแห่งบุญ) keeps pouring continuously through its brightness. We dedicate this merit to all beings, including our beloved ancestors and relatives — may the world and all beings share in the merit we have sincerely created. We also dedicate it to our ancestors, parents, siblings, grandparents, teachers and benefactors, the deities who help us, and the guardian spirits of animals we may have wronged, and to our karmic counterparties (คู่กรรมคู่เวร), asking mutual forgiveness (อโหสิกรรม), so that all may share equally in this merit.
Settling in the Triple Gem and making the resolution
We settle the mind, still, in the center of the Triple Gem — the Buddha-jewel, the Dhamma-jewel, the Sangha-jewel — whose benefit to us is beyond measure. Whether we sleep, wake, stand, walk, sit, or lie down, it dwells within us, constantly working to correct us and clear away our defilements. Our great venerable teachers do the same. We settle, still, into the utterly refined Dhamma body of the revered Luang Pu, Luang Phor, and Khun Yai Achan. Whatever the mind is bound to, that good quality elevates the mind. Recollecting them, we appear luminous within them, and they appear luminous within us; both we and they appear radiant in the center of Nibbāna.
We then respectfully request their blessing, setting our resolution to take root within our mind, that our whole path of building pāramī be transformed by wisdom, happiness, and purity, that all our righteous wishes come true. We ask for the blessing and merit-power of Nibbāna, and of our revered teachers, to combine with the merit we have sincerely accumulated across all our countless past lives, that we be freed from downfall, karmic obstruction, and every obstacle in life, granted the eye of Dhamma and full attainment of , good health and long life, and unfailing spirit to build pāramī all the way to the ultimate end of Dhamma.
Closing chant
Phra Ajarn leads the closing dedication, asking that all these good wishes come to fruition for all of us, from this moment onward, through every life and every birth, until the ultimate end of Dhamma, by the boundless power of every Sammāsambuddha. The sit closes with the Pali chant "Sabbe Buddhā..." dedicating the power of all Buddhas, all Dhamma, and all Sangha for our safety and well-being.