พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์สอนว่าอกุศลและอัพยากตะมักใช้ 'อดีตอันใกล้' และ 'อนาคต' เป็นเครื่องมือหลอกล่อให้ใจหลุดออกจากปัจจุบัน เพราะสัจจภาวะหรือสภาวะแห่งความจริงปรากฏขึ้นเฉพาะในแต่ละขณะปัจจุบันเท่านั้น พร้อมอธิบายเวทนา จิต ธรรม และนำเจริญเมตตาภาวนาเต็มรูปแบบPhra Ajarn Suraphong teaches that the unwholesome force and the indeterminate (abyākata) force use the 'near past' and the 'future' as bait to pull the mind away from the present moment — because the true state of reality (sacca-bhāva) only ever appears in each present instant. He explains the three feelings, the working of thought and mental states, and leads a full mettā meditation.
Practicing the is essential and vitally important to every life, because we live under the control of three forces of nature. Only system can give us benefit — rightness, goodness, progress, , . Any other force brings no benefit and, worse, brings suffering and harm; if we fall under the control of force, much suffering follows. We therefore need to learn the path of abiding with the wholesome system, which the Lord Buddha taught through the cultivation of . This frees us not only from the unwholesome force but also from force (), keeping us instead within the wholesome system. As he taught: "Monks, you should clearly determine and know body, feeling, mind, and mental phenomena, in order to remove covetousness and grief regarding the world."
What "Determining and Knowing" Means
To "determine" is to mark, to fix, in order to know — fixed on the body and on the mind. Wherever we determine, the mind goes there. To know the breath through , we fix at the nostrils; to know the body, we fix throughout the body; to fix at is to mark and specify the center of the body. Wherever we specify or mark, that is where the mind is placed. Sati — recollection, awareness — can only arise at the heart, nowhere else, whether the phenomenon is wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate; it always arises exactly where we have marked. In marking the mind, the Buddha specified three places: feeling, mind (thought), and mental phenomena.
The Three Feelings: Pleasure, Suffering, and the Indeterminate — Different From Equanimity
Feeling (vedanā) is the senon of pleasure, suffering, or neither-pleasure-nor-suffering that arises; we mark whichever of the three appears. If wholesomeness arises, we feel pleasure or ease, because pleasure and ease are the qualities of wholesomeness. If unwholesomeness takes the seat, we feel suffering — a state that must be endured and is hard to endure. If the indeterminate takes the seat, we feel a strange kind of neutrality — not quite good, not quite bad — different from the neutrality of equanimity (upekkhā). Equanimity is a state of no liking and no disliking, a balanced mind that doesn't tip toward pleasure or displeasure.
Mind Is Thought; Dhamma Is the State That Appears
Mind (citta) is thought — whatever thought appears at the heart belongs to whichever force currently holds the seat. If the unwholesome force holds the seat, its thoughts appear — restless thoughts leading toward trouble. If the wholesome force holds the seat, the thoughts that appear are good, right, and wholesome. Dhamma refers to whatever state appears in each present moment — the , the object of the mind at that instant. If the mind is wholesome, the mental factor is wholesome; if unwholesome, the mental factor is unwholesome — or unwholesome roots — and when these appear, they create agitation and distress.
The Purpose: Removing Covetousness and Grief Through Tatramajjhattatā
Determining body, feeling, mind, and Dhamma has the purpose of removing covetousness (abhijjhā, delight) and grief (domanassa, displeasure) — the liking and disliking connected to the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind. We must not let liking and disliking arise; keep the mind neutral. In keeping the mind neutral, the mental factor that arises together with a wholesome mind — tatramajjhattatā, close in character to equanimity, the foundation of equanimity — becomes clearer. This factor is always present alongside a wholesome mind, but usually goes unnoticed; meditation gives us the chance to cultivate it, along with other subtle, weaker mental factors such as lightness of body and mind and the fine, gentle suppleness of a mind fit for its work.
The Heart of Today's Teaching: Only the Present Holds True Reality
Each present moment is the state of truth — reality appears only in the present. Whenever we determine and know while abiding with the present, in each new present moment, we meet the true state of reality (sacca-bhāva), which arises anew in every present instant.
If we slip into the near past or the near future, this is exactly what the indeterminate and unwholesome forces use to bait us into accepting their version of things. The near past is entirely illusion — uncertain, unreliable. The future, whether near or far, is nothing but hope, and that hope may or may not turn out to be true. Whatever information about the future the unwholesome or indeterminate force presents to us may or may not come to pass — but it is presented for one purpose: to trick us out of the present, which is the state of abiding with the wholesome system. Simply by abiding with the wholesome system in each new present moment, the pure energy called merit is continuously drawn in, together with refined treasures and the wish-fulfilling pattern (phang samret).
Determining and knowing in each present moment matters enormously for connecting with the finer knower within. The purpose of meditation, besides drawing in pure merit-energy with its refined treasures and wish-fulfilling pattern, is to drive the wholesome system toward purification and liberation, connecting us with a finer inner knower — our perception itself becomes more refined.
The Contest for the Mind, Moment by Moment, and Its Effect on Clarity
When we determine and know, the sphere of knowing — sati — arises, and the sphere of not-knowing — avijjā — falls away. Once arisen, sati draws in pure energy to cleanse the defilement that veils and obscures , making it lighter, allowing us to reach true ; the knower attending that knowledge then guides and instructs us, almost as if it were our own thought. We must therefore stay continuously aware, determining and knowing without letup — not because we need to constantly check, but because every fraction of a second, a contest is underway between the wholesome, unwholesome, and indeterminate forces. The unwholesome force tries to slip in hindrances — restlessness, delight in this or that, dullness, confusion, drowsiness — while the wholesome force tries just as hard to keep the sphere of knowing established.
Because this contest happens every fraction of a second, clarity does not yet fully appear to us. As the proportion of wholesomeness increases, clarity, freshness, alertness, and cheerfulness — all these good states — gradually appear more and more. Still, the wholesome side keeps trying to hold us steady, continuously aware, knowing what we are aware of, resting on each present moment — whether in the body, feeling, mind, or Dhamma — whatever state appears in each present moment, simply receive it, continuously aware, never forgetting.
The Stream of Merit and the Refined Treasures Within Each Drop
As we determine and know in each present moment, the stream of merit pours continuously into the brightness at the center of the sphere of knowing. This pure Dhamma element dispels defilement, a state transformed by inner happiness and purity. This radiant sphere of merit is filled with refined treasures — form, wealth, , retinue, fame, honor, happiness, the path and fruit of Nibbāna, and knowledge of the Dhamma-body, all complete within it. When merit flows through us, these refined treasures flow through us too, and they draw the coarser treasures of the world toward us.
Simply by determining and knowing continuously, letting the sphere of knowing arise as a channel for the stream of merit, its refined treasures, and its wish-fulfilling pattern, this pure merit-element drives the wholesome system to purify us and clear away the defilement that causes trouble and difficulty. Once what binds and tethers us to coarse dimensions is gone, purity and liberation arise — freeing us continuously from one dimension to a finer one.
Radiating Loving-Kindness Across the World and the Universe
From all the benefit that arises for us, we move on to cultivate (), for the good of the world and all beings. Simply by sincerely wishing that all beings be free from suffering and find happiness everywhere, the sphere of loving-kindness appears at the center of our heart — a clear, bright sphere, the tool the wholesome force uses to sustain the world and the universe. May those with much suffering have less; those with little suffering be free of it; those with little happiness have more; those already happy grow even happier.
Then let the mind, imbued with this loving-kindness, expand to cover our home, our village, sub-district, district, province, our country and neighboring countries, until it covers the whole world, making it a crystal world — radiant, cool, clean, pure. May the people of the world and all beings — earth-bound devas, sky devas, celestial beings of every heaven, Brahmas, formless Brahmas, and even hell-beings, hungry ghosts, and animals — be free from suffering and find happiness everywhere. Extend further into the cosmos, covering countless stars out to the ten-thousand world-systems, the boundless universe; let our loving-kindness shine and benefit all people, beings, things, and elements without limit. Our hearts expand, open, light, and at ease — clear, cool, clean, pure.
The Bodhisattva Who Became a Universal Monarch Through Loving-Kindness
Every time we cultivate loving-kindness, great benefit arises for the world and the universe. Whoever benefits the world and the universe can draw on the treasures of the world and the universe in turn. So it was with a Bodhisattva of old: born into the human world, he cultivated loving-kindness just as we do now, helping people and beings find freedom from suffering and happiness, benefiting others through loving-kindness until the end of his life, reaching the jhānic attainments. When he closed his eyes and left the world, he was born into the Brahma realm, enjoying long-lasting happiness there. When that life ended, he returned to be born in the human world once more — this time attaining the status of a universal monarch (Chakravartin), using the treasures of the world and the universe, through the power of his loving-kindness, to govern the people of the world and all beings so that they lived at ease and in happiness, like the inhabitants of heaven. Let us therefore cultivate loving-kindness at every opportunity.
Dedicating Merit and Merging With the Triple Gem
As we settle, still, within the radiant sphere of loving-kindness, the stream of merit continues pouring in within its brightness. We dedicate this arising merit, that all beings share in the merit we have rightly performed, and be free from suffering, finding happiness everywhere. Then we settle, still, within the pure element of merit, within happiness and radiant purity, settling into the center of the Triple Gem — the Buddha-jewel, the Dhamma-jewel, the Saṅgha-jewel — and settling further into the finest Dhamma-body of our late Grand Master, our Great Teacher, and Khun Yay Āchān.
As we recall them and settle within them, we appear radiant within the center of Nibbāna — the center of the knowers whose power is beyond measure, uncountable as the sands. Nibbāna is the Fully Enlightened Buddha; he already holds all people and beings within him. Whoever abides in universal goodness has the stream of merit shine radiant within them, just as it does for us now. Nibbāna draws that pure merit-element to refine us through the knowledge of the Dhamma-body, bringing about purity and liberation, connecting the thread of merit and fortune and adjusting the path ahead so we may reap happiness, success, and fulfillment easily.
Setting the Wish-Fulfilling Intention and the Closing Dedication
As they refine and help us, we make our resolve, setting the good wish-fulfilling intention we hold fixed within this radiant sphere of merit — that our lives be transformed by knowledge together with happiness and purity, and complete with success and fulfillment in everything right and good. We pay respect and ask for the blessing, radiance, power, and authority of Nibbāna throughout all elements and all Dhamma, and for the blessings of our late Grand Master, Great Teacher, and Khun Yay Āchān — may this merit combine with the merit we have sincerely accumulated since our first existence, becoming sacred and potent, purifying our body, speech, mind, and every element, freeing us from calamity, sin, the results of past kamma, and every obstacle; may greed, hatred, delusion, lust, ignorance, wrong view, craving, and clinging be entirely extinguished; may we gain the Dhamma-eye and fully penetrate the knowledge of the Dhamma-body, attaining the three knowledges, the eight knowledges, the six higher powers, the four analytical s, the eight liberations, and the fifteen conducts, in full.
May we have strong health and long life to accumulate merit and perfections throughout our lives, resolve unfailing, directed straight toward Nibbāna. Wherever we travel, may we meet only good fortune and safety. When the time comes to close our eyes and leave this world, may we be born in the Tusita Heaven, in the special realm of Bodhisattvas-to-be; and returning to build perfections in the human world, may we be born into a family of right view, a crystal family, a Dhamma-body family, studying the knowledge of the Dhamma-body correctly and truthfully from youth to the end of our lives. May any unwholesome kamma from the past be forgiven, and may all merit sincerely accumulated bear fruit continuously; may all these good wishes be fulfilled, by the boundless power of every Fully Enlightened Buddha. May it be so.