คำสอน · พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์Teaching · Pra Ajarn Suraphong
ชิงช่วงชิง 80 ต่อ 20: ทำไมเรายังรู้ตัวว่าทำไม่ดี แม้คุมตัวเองไม่ได้ และหน้าที่สามประการของมลทินThe 80-to-20 Contest: Why We Still Recognize Our Own Bad Behavior, and Defilement's Three Jobs
พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์อธิบายกลไกการ "ชิงช่วงชิง" ระหว่างกุศลและอกุศลในทุกอนุวินาที เช่นอกุศลอาจชนะ 80 จาก 100 ครั้งขณะกุศลชนะเพียง 20 ครั้ง อธิบายว่าทำไมเรายังรับรู้พฤติกรรมแย่ๆ ของตัวเองได้แม้ควบคุมไม่ได้ และจะเกิดอะไรขึ้นเมื่อสัดส่วนของกุศลลดลงจนเป็นศูนย์ ท่านยังอธิบายหน้าที่สามประการของมลทิน คือฉุดธาตุให้ตกต่ำ รังควานด้วยนิวรณ์ธรรม และเหนี่ยวรั้งไม่ให้ผู้ปฏิบัติหลุดพ้น ก่อนนำเข้าสู่การภาวนาสัมมาอะระหังและแผ่เมตตาปิดท้ายPhra Ajarn Suraphong explains the moment-to-moment "turn-taking contest" between wholesome and unwholesome forces -- the unwholesome may win roughly 80 of 100 turns while the wholesome wins only 20 -- and why this lets us still recognize our own bad behavior even when we can't control it, versus what happens when the wholesome share drops to zero. He also lays out defilement's three functions: dragging our elemental state down through greed, hatred, and delusion; harassing us through the five hindrances until life grows confused; and actively restraining a practitioner who is trying to break free. He then leads into the Samma Arahang meditation and closes with the radiation of loving-kindness.
Phra Ajarn Suraphong opened by explaining that we live under the control of three natures. Apart from (), every other natural system brings us no benefit whatsoever, and may even cause harm if that system is unwholesome. We therefore need to learn, understand, and train ourselves to abide within the wholesome system, which the Triple Gem oversees and Nibbana stands behind. Practicing the helps us learn, understand, and train to live in harmony with that wholesome system.
To determine is to pinpoint exactly where the mind sits
To abide within the wholesome system, the Lord Buddha taught, more than two thousand years ago: "Monks, you should determine clearly the body, feelings, mind, and mental phenomena, in order to remove covetousness and grief regarding the world." Without determining, some other nature will steer us to fix on something that brings us no benefit at all, and may even cause harm. To determine is to specify, to mark, to pinpoint exactly where the mind is located -- whether body-based or mind-based. We may mark it at the breath, at the flesh, or at -- wherever gives the clearest signal. We mark it there, then go in to know at that spot. Wherever we go in to know, the mind sits there; paying attention means placing the mind there. Mindfulness () arises right there: knowing is sati, clarity is .
The turn-taking contest: wholesome and unwholesome trade control moment by moment
When the wholesome nature possesses the heart as master, we can recollect -- recollect what is beneficial, what we can control ourselves. But even when we can recollect other matters or other activities, that doesn't mean the wholesome side has more power; the wholesome share contesting for each "turn" may simply hold a smaller portion than . So we merely know what is happening in that instant, that fraction of a second. The unwholesome may win nearly 100 out of 100 turns, while the wholesome wins only 20 -- a 20% share against an 80% share. When our strength isn't enough, there is no freedom, no being our own master; we know, but we hold no power.
But if our share drops even further, all the way to zero, we lose all sense of ourselves entirely -- we act without any self-awareness at all, because there is no left; the unwholesome has taken total control. What we're doing right here, our mind is somewhere else entirely -- it swallows everything whole, so the present moment goes unknown. Apart from someone who is genuinely insane, an ordinary person never quite reaches that point, because some wholesome share can still contest for a turn, letting us still perceive our own behavior -- anger, hatred, rage, whatever it may be. Even when the unwholesome dominates, some wholesome share remains, so mindfulness can still perceive all that poor behavior as it happens.
But if the wholesome share grows larger -- say, an even 50:50 split -- it becomes a real contest; and beyond that, the unwholesome's power recedes and the wholesome becomes dominant. Developing increases the wholesome share, letting us perform good deeds. But if our share is smaller than the opposing side's in any given instant, we can perceive what's happening but cannot be the master of it -- the other side commands us. Whether we want to act or not, it forces us to act, because in that instant the wholesome share is the smaller one. We must therefore learn to determine and know, staying constantly aware without ever lapsing. Knowing is mindfulness; when the sphere of knowing -- the sphere of mindfulness -- is established, the sphere of not-knowing -- the sphere of -- falls away.
Samma Arahang: the one who practices well, far removed from every defilement
The sphere of mindfulness is the sphere of recollection: first we know our own body, and once we know ourselves, we know what more we wish to know -- for instance, our meditation object. Recollecting the meditation object then arises, and mindfulness draws that object up for us from the well of memory. Once we have our meditation object, we recite . This is the epithet of the arahant Dhammakaya, a name we call him by according to his virtuous qualities. "Samma" means the one who practices well and rightly, whose practice leads far from every defilement and every stain. He is therefore one of complete freedom, a Knower of great power, filled with the of supreme wisdom, the virtue of absolute , and the virtue of great compassion -- these being the very qualities of the Dhammakaya. Even while dwelling in a world still surrounded by defilement, he remains utterly far from it, because he abides in a subtle, deep dimension, hidden away where defilement cannot reach.
The threefold role of defilement: dragging down, harassing, and restraining
However refined the dimension we abide in may be, every dimension still carries defilement (malin) as long as we have not attained arahantship. Defilement's role has three parts.
First, it drags the elements down through greed, hatred, delusion, lust, ignorance, wrong view, craving, and clinging.
Second, if it cannot drag us down, it harasses us through (nivarana), throwing life into confusion and agitation -- through satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Satisfaction breeds delight in sensual pleasure, which grows into greed, wanting more and more, never satisfied. Dissatisfaction breeds irritation and restlessness, and the mind grows murkier. Drowsiness saps the mind's strength, leaving it dull and foggy through , without enough strength to study the Dhamma. Doubt and hesitation arise, leaving everything uncertain and unclear. All of this is defilement making it hard to remain in that dimension.
Third, once it is hard to remain and we wish to escape into a subtler dimension, defilement restrains us, holding us back from liberation. When we aspire to be free, resolved to be free, defilement holds us back, trying to push us down again. These are defilement's three functions, which is why we need to learn and train ourselves in both calm () and () meditation.
Samatha: stilling the mind to quiet its vibration
Samatha is stilling the mind, which works to subdue sensual craving -- delight and satisfaction in sensual pleasure -- leaving it too weak to hold power, clearing away defilement by stilling and settling the mind so it doesn't vibrate. The coarser the vibration of the mind, the greater the shaking; the more it builds, the more the mind races with excitement -- joy excites, sorrow excites, fear excites. If the excitement builds enough, the body itself trembles along with it. We therefore need to train the mind to stop, to still, without vibrating, by determining to stop within stopping, still within stillness. Even once we still this dimension, a subtler dimension still holds some vibration, so we go on stopping within stopping, still within stillness. But to reach that inner stillness we must first perceive the vibration itself, seeing the suffering and danger it brings -- only then does determining to know reveal its benefit.
Our great revered teacher, Luang Pu, used to say: perform the cause, observe the result, and endure -- how excellent that is. Right now we are performing the cause: stop within stopping, still within stillness -- then we watch whether it actually stops, actually stills. Determining again and again, it gradually stops, gradually stills on its own. Once it stops and stills and we see the result, we gain the heart to keep doing it again.
When we utter his name, he appears together with his power
Uttering his name makes him appear in the center of our heart. When he appears, he does not appear emptily -- he appears together with his full power: the virtue of supreme wisdom, the virtue of absolute purity, and the virtue of great compassion, all complete. He takes the elements of our seeing, remembering, thinking, and knowing and refines them to clarity and purity, because he has wisdom and knows exactly how to help us -- dissolving every stain of defilement, connecting us to streams of merit and fortune, laying a blueprint for our path ahead. All of this requires someone with wisdom, someone with compassion, and someone with power -- and to have power, one must be pure. His virtue therefore consists of these three qualities: the virtue of supreme wisdom, the virtue of absolute purity, and the virtue of great compassion.
Merit flows through every body along our stream of elements and Dhamma
As we recite Samma Arahang, the stream of merit pours and flows continuously through the center of our body and heart -- streams of merit, streams of fortune, and blueprints of success are stored within our own sphere of Dhamma, and within of every body we possess: the refined body, the celestial body, the Brahma body, the form-Brahma body, all along our stream of elements and Dhamma, made bright with pure merit-element flowing down from Nibbana, layer by layer -- through the refined arahant Dhammakaya body, down to the Dhammakaya body, then to the refined and coarse non-returner (anagami) bodies, the refined and coarse once-returner (sakadagami) bodies, the refined and coarse stream-enterer (sotapanna) bodies, the refined and coarse gotrabhu bodies, the refined and coarse formless-Brahma bodies, the refined and coarse celestial bodies, down to the refined and coarse human body. Merit flows through layer after layer, and wherever it flows, it is stored in that body too. A single human body performing one good deed benefits every body along our entire stream of elements and Dhamma. We are never doing this alone -- every body at every layer is constantly helping us.
Radiating loving-kindness: drawing on a mother's heart toward her child
Once we have done good for ourselves, we move on to benefit the whole world and cosmos -- both the world of beings and the world as environment -- through , the wholesome system's essential tool. We simply set the wish that goodness arise for ourselves, for all beings, all things, and all those we love: may they be free from suffering and find everywhere. If we cannot yet sense the flavor of loving-kindness, our great revered teacher advised drawing on the heart of a mother, full of love and goodwill toward her small child, setting that heart within us. We come to feel deeply the greatness of loving-kindness.
Radiating loving-kindness from home to the boundless universe
Once we sense it, we set this wish and radiate it first to cover our own home. Loving-kindness shines across the space we live in, through every atom of the atmosphere, making all people, beings, and things radiant, cool, clean, and pure -- the earth, water, air, sky, trees and grass, brick and stone, our belongings, the seas and oceans, the sky and stars. Wherever our loving-kindness reaches, it shines, because the heart is where loving-kindness is born, and our heart is a genie granting whatever we determine, however vast we wish it.
We then expand this heart, brimming with metta, to cover the whole village, the district, the province, the country, and the neighboring nations, until it covers the entire world, making it a crystal world, radiant, cool, clean, and pure. May the people and beings of the world be free from suffering and find happiness -- the earth-bound devas, tree devas, sky devas, heavenly beings of every celestial realm, the form and formless Brahma gods, and all beings in hell, as hungry ghosts, and as animals: may all beings be free from suffering and find happiness. May those who suffer greatly suffer less; may those who suffer little be entirely free of suffering and find happiness; may those with little happiness find more happiness; and may those with much happiness find even greater happiness still.
We then radiate it out into the atmosphere of the cosmos, covering the countless great and small stars, continuing outward across the ten-thousand world-elements, the hundred-thousand-koti universes, the boundless universe, letting our loving-kindness shine outward without limit. Our heart expands, opens, spacious and at ease, clear, cool, clean, pure, and radiant.
The stream of merit and stilling within the Triple Gem
Loving-kindness shines into the hearts of people and beings, dissolving every stain of defilement. The wholesome nature seizes this chance to settle in as master, drawing pure energy in to refine the elements within people and beings to purity and radiance, freeing them continuously from one dimension to the next. This loving-kindness not only refines and clears defilement within the body and mind of people and beings, it also refines the surrounding environment -- trees and grass, earth, water, air, sky, mountains, forests, seas, and oceans -- making them fit to live in, so that people and beings can dwell there happily.
We gather our hearts to stop, gather to still, within this radiant, cool, clean, pure loving-kindness. The stream of merit continues pouring and flowing through the brightness of loving-kindness without pause, and we extend this pure merit-element to benefit all people and beings, wishing that they share in the merit we have sincerely intended and performed, with the same genuine love and goodwill a mother holds for her small child. We gather our hearts to stop, gather to still, within this pure merit-element that continues pouring and flowing, at the center of our body, fusing every body, coarse and refined, into a single unity. The heart is a genie granting whatever we determine.
We gather our hearts to stop, gather to still, within the Triple Gem -- within the Buddha Jewel, the Dhamma Jewel, and the Sangha Jewel. We still ourselves within them, within the Knower of boundless power, filled with the virtue of supreme wisdom, absolute purity, and great compassion. We must fuse ourselves with them into a single unity, never drifting from them, for this is their own wish -- that we and they become one, so that they can help us with the fullest effectiveness and the greatest possible result.
Stilling within the refined body of our teachers, and making the resolve
We are the Buddha image; the Buddha image is us. We still ourselves within the Sangha Jewel, within the Dhammakaya body of our great revered teachers -- stilling within the most refined Dhammakaya body of Luang Pu, of Luang Phor, and of Khun Yai. As we recollect them, we appear radiant within them, and they appear radiant within us; both we and they appear radiant within Nibbana, within the Knower of boundless power.
As we appear within Nibbana -- the realm of every Lord Buddha, every Silent Buddha, and every Arahant -- they take the elements of our being and refine them to clarity and purity, dissolving every stain of defilement and every karmic residue, connecting us to streams of merit and fortune, laying out the path ahead for us. While they are refining the elements within us, we prostrate and beg their blessing, setting our resolve so that this good wish fixes itself within the radiant sphere of merit, benefiting our building of perfections both now and across countless future lives, so that our entire path of building perfections is filled with wisdom paired with happiness and purity, and success in every right and good aspiration.
We, the disciples, prostrate and beg for the merit, glory, power, and absolute authority of Nibbana throughout every element and every Dhamma, together with the perfections of Luang Pu, Luang Phor, and Khun Yai. May all this merit combine with whatever merit we ourselves have sincerely accumulated well since our very first life, through countless existences up to the present, becoming a sacred merit of immense power that refines our body, speech, mind, and every element -- seeing, remembering, thinking, knowing, earth, water, wind, fire, space, and consciousness -- to be radiant, cool, clean, pure, and warm, freeing us from every calamity, every karmic result, every obstacle in life, dissolving greed, hatred, delusion, lust, and craving without residue.
May we gain the Dhamma-eye, penetrating fully into the of the Dhammakaya, accomplishing the three knowledges, the eight knowledges, the six higher powers, the four analytic insights, the eight liberations, and the fifteen conducts in full; may we have strong health and long life to build merit and perfections throughout our lives to the very end, with unfailing high spirits, heading straight along the path to Nibbana, the ultimate end of the Dhamma. Wherever we travel, may we meet only good fortune and safety, be beloved of humans and devas, and possess radiant wisdom that penetrates the Dhamma of the Lord Buddha fully. Whatever business or work we undertake, may it flourish with results beyond imagining, gaining great wealth inexhaustible, used to build the perfection of giving with full strength.
When the time comes to close our eyes and leave this world, may we be born in the Tusita heaven, in the special merit realm of the great Bodhisattvas, and when we return to build perfections in the human world, may we be born into a family of right view, a crystal family, a Dhammakaya family, a model family of the world, a warm family, complete with the finest form, wealth, virtue, praise, and the path, fruit, and Nibbana, together with knowledge of the Dhammakaya. May we have a sacred, vast sphere of merit able to recall past lives from birth, studying the Dhammakaya knowledge correctly and faithfully alongside Luang Pu, Luang Phor, and Khun Yai. May whatever unwholesome deeds we have committed carelessly in the past, through countless lives, never catch up with us or find opportunity to bear fruit -- may they be forgiven forever, and may we never commit new wrongdoing in body, speech, or mind. May all the merit we have sincerely accumulated well combine to produce sacred, powerful, wondrous results continuing without end from this moment until the ultimate end of the Dhamma, and may all these good wishes come to fruition for us all, by the boundless power of every Lord Buddha.
Closing chant
Phra Ajarn led the closing verse of homage to the Triple Gem to close the sitting: Sabbe Buddha... (the traditional Pali verse invoking the protective power of all Buddhas, Arahants, and the Triple Gem).