พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์อธิบายความแตกต่างสามชั้นระหว่างนึก (การดึงข้อมูลจากแหล่งความทรงจำ) คิด (กระบวนการคิดที่ซับซ้อนอาศัยตรรกะ) และรู้ (ความรู้ตัวที่เกิดขึ้นตรงหน้าโดยไม่ต้องอาศัยข้อมูลใดๆ) ผ่านตัวอย่างมือที่ประสานกัน ก้นที่สัมผัสอาสนะ เท้าที่สัมผัสพื้น และลมหายใจที่กระทบโพรงจมูก ท่านยังอธิบายธรรมชาติของอัพยากตะว่าเป็นสิ่งที่ผลาญเวลาไปโดยไม่ก่อประโยชน์แต่ก็ไม่ก่อโทษ ต่างจากอกุศลที่ทำลายล้างอย่างจริงจัง ก่อนนำเข้าสู่การนั่งสมาธิรับกระแสธารแห่งบุญและแผ่เมตตาปิดท้ายPhra Ajarn Suraphong teaches a three-way distinction between recalling (nuek, pulling data from the well of memory), thinking (kit, complex logical processing), and knowing (ru, an immediate present-moment awareness that needs no data at all) -- illustrated through the simple facts of clasped hands, the seat beneath us, feet on the floor, and breath at the nostril. He also describes the unwholesome-neutral nature (abyakata) as something that wastes time without benefit but also without real harm, in contrast to the active destructiveness of the unwholesome (akusala). He then leads into the Samma Arahang meditation, sitting to receive the stream of merit, and closes with the radiation of loving-kindness.
Practice is necessary because we live under three natures
Phra Ajarn Suraphong opened by saying that practicing the matters enormously for every life, because we need to abide within system (-). Apart from that system, no other system can ever help us -- it brings no benefit, and if the system is unwholesome it brings only suffering. Practice lets us connect with the wholesome system at a deep level, reaching purification and liberation continuously every time we sit. Khun Yai used to say it is like punching the ground with your fist -- however you swing, you hit dirt; you always get a result, whether large or small, because the one steering and pushing us toward practice is the wholesome system itself. No other system pushes us this way.
The Buddha's word: determine clearly the body, feelings, mind, and mental objects
The Lord Buddha taught the monastic community since the time of the Buddha: "Monks, you should determine clearly the body, feelings (vedana), mind (citta), and mental phenomena (dhamma), in order to remove covetousness and grief regarding the world." Phra Ajarn stressed that we must memorize this sentence by heart, because it alone can turn a fool into an ordinary good person, an ordinary good person into a virtuous one, and a virtuous person into a noble one (ariya). This single sentence alone brings people to a better, more wondrous life.
If we do not determine (kamnod), something else will steer us to fix our attention on whatever benefits its own system but brings us no benefit at all -- and if that system is unwholesome, it brings us suffering. So we must race to determine first. To determine means to mark or specify a location on the body or the mind and then go in to know it. Specify it at the breath, at , at the felt sense of the flesh, or specify that it lies in feeling, in mind, or in mental phenomena. Once chosen, we go in to know right there -- the mind will always sit wherever our attention is placed.
Sati and Sampajañña: the drill-bit and the steel
Phra Ajarn compared paying attention to threading a needle: we place attention, examine, and then let it settle into knowing. Knowing is (); clarity is (). He likened it to drilling into steel: first you mark the spot, then set the drill bit down evenly and balanced before you switch it on and let it bore into the metal. That initial settling is sati; boring into the steel and knowing its inner grain in detail is sampajañña. Once sati is firmly established, we can enter the inner dimension, and there sati automatically turns into sampajañña, knowing the inner states in full.
Feeling: pleasure, pain, and neutrality -- all depend on who is sitting as master of the house
Developing lets us determine at the body -- the center of the body, the flesh, or the breath -- all of which are body-based. But feeling, mind, and mental phenomena are mind-based: a felt sense with no fixed location, the states of pleasant, painful, and neither. Whenever the wholesome nature possesses the heart as its master, we feel at ease. Whenever nature is master, we suffer -- a state that must be endured and is hard to endure; that is simply its nature. When the unwholesome enters as master it displays its own qualities, ruling the heart and producing a state that must be endured and is hard to endure. Anyone bound up with the unwholesome must endure it; this is exactly the nature of a foolish person (khon phan), and we need to understand that nature clearly.
The neutral nature (abyakata): it wastes time without benefit, but also without harm
The neutral, unwholesome-neither nature (abyakata) is simply indifferent -- it takes neither the good nor the bad, refusing both. When abyakata is master of the house, it produces a strange, flat, neither-here-nor-there feeling: not quite good, not quite bad. When abyakata takes over, the mind invites us to go watch a movie, listen to music, play games, chat about this and that without any substance, killing time endlessly, destroying time endlessly. If we have wealth, it gets squandered on entertainment -- producing no benefit, but also no real harm. This is different from the unwholesome nature, which drinks and takes drugs, produces suffering and danger, ruins health, and works to destroy life and destroy every good thing we have. That is the unwholesome. We therefore need to understand all three natures clearly, then choose to stand with the wholesome system, learning to align our conduct with it through the orious action, including practicing Dhamma and developing calm and by determining to know, staying aware at all times without lapsing.
Recalling (nuek): pulling data from the well of memory
Feeling belongs to the domain of mind -- thought and recollection. Recalling our meditation object is mind-based: if we have studied a certain meditation object before, and we recall wanting to use the one we're familiar with, that is data we already have. We recall the meditation object and we simply know it -- this concerns mind, concerns recollecting and thinking. Feeling, on the other hand, is dhamma, a , a state that appears directly before us, right in front of our eyes and heart, arising and abiding in every present moment. When it's dark we know it's dark; when it's bright we know it's bright; when it's dim we know it's dim. This is a state that simply appears before us -- but if we fail to know it, that failure is because () is concealing it from us.
If we wish for brightness, we can recall light -- recall the moon, the sun, the stars -- and when we recall them, they appear. This is a matter the mind must recall: we hold data connected to the well of memory, drawing on things we have once read, heard, or studied. Recalling that data, the data appears automatically. This is recalling (nuek).
Thinking (kit): running data through logic and process
But when there is complexity, when greater complexity is required and logic becomes involved, that is thinking (kit) -- taking material and working it over, relying on logic, principles, and various methods, growing more complex through thinking. This differs from recalling. Recalling draws pure, raw data straight from the well of memory; thinking must take that data and run it through a process -- cutting, editing, applying various principles. This too belongs to the domain of mind.
Knowing (ru): it needs no data from memory at all
Knowing, by contrast, has nothing to do with data at all. Knowing is simply knowing whatever appears, whatever is present right now. Know is know; not-know is not-know what appears. Phra Ajarn gave an example: our hands rest one on the other, left over right -- can we sense that? Yes. That is simply knowing -- no need to recall, no need to think. We know the index finger and thumb touching -- do we know it? Yes, without recalling or thinking. Recalling requires fetching data from the well of memory; thinking requires taking that data through a process governed by principles. That is the domain of mind. But knowing needs no data from the well of memory whatsoever.
Knowing is simply knowing the seat beneath us where we sit -- do we know it? Yes. Knowing the feet touching the floor -- do we know it? Yes, with no need to recall or think. The breath striking the wall of the nostril -- do we know it? Yes, we simply know. This is relying on knowing, and it is different from both recalling and thinking. Knowing connects with the Knower. The Lord Buddha taught us to determine and know precisely so that we can connect with the Knower within, knowing within body, feeling, mind, and mental phenomena. The instant we determine to know, we connect with the Knower.
Even though we may still need to recall a familiar meditation object at first, once we've done so we move into determining to know continuously -- we no longer need to recall, because recalling is data from the past, while determining to know draws on data in every present moment as it appears. Whatever appears, we know it as it is; whatever appears right now, we know it as it is. We determine to know on and on, pleasantly, staying constantly aware without lapsing.
Majjhattata cetasika: the equanimity that arises together with mindfulness and faith
Knowing serves to remove both elation and sorrow regarding the world. We take neither elation nor sorrow, we do not lean toward either side; we set the mind at neutral. A neutral mind of this kind is accompanied by a mental factor called majjhattata , which always arises together with wholesome mind-moments. Every time a wholesome mind-moment arises, majjhattata cetasika must arise together with mindfulness and faith. It gives a feeling similar to equanimity (upekkha), but is a gentler state -- balanced, unshaken by whatever stimulus arises. As we keep determining to know, this mental factor grows ever more settled, making the mind steady.
Sitting meditation: the meditation object as a floating log for mindfulness to cling to
Phra Ajarn advised staying with a meditation object we are familiar with, one that gives a clear and continuous signal, so mindfulness has something to cling to and rely on -- like floating in the middle of an ocean with no shore in sight; when a log floats by, we must cling to it. The meditation object is like that log, giving mindfulness something to cling to, rest on, and save its strength. Stay constantly aware without lapsing, knowing pleasantly, without hurry, without rushing. When knowing is established, the sphere of knowing -- the sphere of mindfulness -- draws pure energy to flow continuously through the brightness at its center. This pure energy drives the wholesome system, refining the elements within us to , and we are freed, moment by moment, from one dimension into the next.
Radiating loving-kindness: drawing on a mother's heart toward her child
Once we have done good for ourselves, we move on to benefiting other people and all beings, relying on (metta-dhamma), the wholesome system's tool for nurturing people and beings, by determining that love and genuine goodwill arise in the heart. May all beings be free from suffering and find , every one of them. May those who suffer greatly suffer less; may those who suffer little be entirely free of suffering and find happiness; may those with little happiness find more happiness; and may those who already have much happiness find even greater happiness still.
If we have not yet tasted the flavor of loving-kindness, we can draw on the heart of a mother toward her small child -- her love and goodwill -- as a model for this pure loving-kindness, then radiate this heart, brimming with metta, out to cover our own home, setting this wish with pure and genuine sincerity.
Radiating loving-kindness from home to the boundless universe
Loving-kindness shines through every atom of the atmosphere, and all people, beings, and things become clear and bright. We then expand this heart, brimming with metta, further outward to cover the whole village, then the district, the province, the country, and continue outward to every nation until it covers the entire world, making this world a crystal world, radiant, cool, clean, and pure. May all the earth-bound devas, tree devas, sky devas, heavenly beings of every celestial realm, the form and formless Brahma gods, and all beings in hell, as hungry ghosts, and as animals be radiant, cool, clean, and pure. May those who suffer greatly suffer less; may those who suffer little be entirely free of suffering and find happiness; may those with little happiness find more happiness; and may those with much happiness find even greater happiness still.
We then radiate this heart, brimming with metta, further out into the atmosphere of the cosmos, covering the countless great and small stars, and continuing outward across the ten-thousand world-elements, the hundred-thousand-koti universes, the boundless universe, letting our loving-kindness shine outward without limit. Our heart expands, opens, spacious and at ease, clear, cool, clean, pure, and radiant.
The stream of merit and stilling within the Triple Gem
When this light of loving-kindness shines into the hearts of people and beings, it can dissolve the stain of ill-will (patigha) that clouds them. The wholesome nature seizes this moment to settle layered within their hearts, drawing in the energy of merit to cleanse and purify their elements, benefiting them so they become pure and are freed continuously from one dimension to the next. We settle, still, within this radiant loving-kindness. The stream of merit continues pouring and flowing through the brightness of loving-kindness without pause, and we extend this pure merit-element to benefit all people, beings, and elements, dedicating this merit to arise for all people and beings: may all beings share in this merit we have well intended and performed, and be freed from suffering, finding happiness everywhere.
We gather our hearts to stop, gather to still, within this stream of merit that continues pouring and flowing, stilling in the midst of purity, letting merit refine our mind and our being to become clear, clean, and pure. We still ourselves within the Triple Gem -- within the Buddha Jewel, the Dhamma Jewel, and the Sangha Jewel. We must fuse ourselves with them into a single unity, never drifting away from the Triple Gem, for drifting away invites danger. Fusing into one with the Triple Gem brings safety, happiness, and success in every right and good aspiration.
Stilling within the refined body of our teachers, and making the resolve
As we still ourselves within the Sangha Jewel, within the most refined body of our great revered teachers -- Luang Pu, Luang Phor, and Khun Yai -- we fuse with them into a single unity. We appear radiant within them, and they appear radiant within us; both we and they appear radiant within Nibbana, within the Knower of boundless power. As we appear within Nibbana, every Lord Buddha, every Silent Buddha, and every Arahant takes the elements of our seeing, remembering, thinking, and knowing -- earth, water, wind, fire, space, and consciousness -- and refines them to clarity and purity, dissolving every stain of defilement completely, connecting us to streams of merit and fortune, and laying out the path ahead so that we may reap the fruits of life's success with ease.
Making the resolve for merit, glory, and the blueprint of success
While our teachers are refining our elements, we prostrate and beg their blessing, setting a to fix itself within this radiant sphere of merit, so that our entire path of building perfections is filled with wisdom paired with happiness and purity, and success in every right and good aspiration. We, the disciples, prostrate and beg for the merit, glory, power, and absolute authority of Nibbana throughout every element and every Dhamma, together with the perfections of Luang Pu, Luang Phor, and Khun Yai. May all this merit combine with whatever merit we ourselves have sincerely accumulated well since our very first life, through countless existences up to the present, becoming a sacred merit of immense power that refines our body, speech, mind, and every element -- seeing, remembering, thinking, knowing, earth, water, wind, fire, space, and consciousness -- to be radiant, cool, clean, and pure, freeing us from every calamity, every karmic result, every obstacle in life, dissolving greed, hatred, delusion, lust, ignorance, wrong view, and craving without residue.
May we gain the Dhamma-eye, penetrating fully into the of the Dhammakaya, accomplishing the three knowledges, the eight knowledges, the six higher powers, the four analytic insights, the eight liberations, and the fifteen conducts in full; may we have strong health and long life to build merit and perfections throughout our lives to the very end; may we have unfailing high spirits in building perfections, heading straight along the path to Nibbana, the ultimate end of the Dhamma. Wherever we travel, may we meet only good fortune and safety, be beloved of humans and devas, possess radiant wisdom that penetrates the Dhamma of the Lord Buddha fully; whatever business or work we undertake, may it flourish and prosper with results beyond imagining, gaining great wealth inexhaustible, enough to build the perfection of giving without limit.
When the time comes to close our eyes and leave this world, may we be born in the Tusita heaven, in the special merit realm of the great Bodhisattvas, and when we return to build perfections in the human world, may we be born into a family of right view, a crystal family, a Dhammakaya family, a model family of the world, a warm family, complete with the finest form, wealth, , praise, and the path, fruit, and Nibbana, together with knowledge of the Dhammakaya. May we have a sacred, vast sphere of merit able to recall past lives from birth, studying the Dhammakaya knowledge correctly and faithfully alongside Luang Pu, Luang Phor, and Khun Yai. May whatever unwholesome deeds we have committed carelessly in the past, through countless lives, never catch up with us or find opportunity to bear fruit -- may they be forgiven forever, and may we never commit new wrongdoing in body, speech, or mind. May all the merit we have sincerely accumulated well combine to produce sacred, powerful, wondrous results continuing without end from this moment until the ultimate end of the Dhamma, and may all these good wishes come to fruition for us all, by the boundless power of every Lord Buddha.
Closing chant
Phra Ajarn led the closing verse of homage to the Triple Gem to close the sitting: Sabbe Buddha... (the traditional Pali verse invoking the protective power of all Buddhas, Arahants, and the Triple Gem).