พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์นำนั่งสมาธิในช่วงค่ำ สอนเรื่องกาย เวทนา จิต ธรรม และธรรมชาติสามฝ่าย คือกุศล อกุศล และอัพยากตะ ที่ผลัดกันเข้ามาเป็นเจ้าเรือนแห่งใจ พร้อมทั้งชี้ว่าการศึกษาในโรงเรียนแม้จบปริญญาเอกก็ให้เพียงความรู้ไปสู่ความสุขทางโลก แต่ไม่เคยสอนความบริสุทธิ์ ก่อนนำแผ่เมตตาและอุทิศส่วนบุญIn this evening sit, Phra Ajarn Suraphong teaches on body, feeling, mind, and mental objects, and on the three competing natures — wholesome, unwholesome, and neutral — that take turns governing the heart. He points out that formal schooling, even through a doctorate, only ever teaches knowledge toward worldly happiness, never purity, before leading loving-kindness radiation and merit dedication.
Why the Buddha Taught Us to Contemplate Body, Feeling, Mind, and Mental Objects
The Buddha taught us to dwell in contemplation of body, feeling, mind, and mental objects (kāya-vedanā-citta-) because he wanted us to understand that three natures are constantly competing to possess us. Our lives fall under (tilakkhaṇa) — here meaning the three natures: wholesome (), unwholesome (), and neutral () dhamma, with impermanence, suffering, and non-self as a further sub-layer of that same law. Life within the round of rebirth depends on conditioning factors, and everything that conditions beings arises from these three natures.
The Three Natures Compete to Take the Throne of the Heart
Whichever of the three natures manages to seize control of the heart brings its own body, feeling, mind, and mental objects to overlay the heart, so as to steer our body, feeling, mind, and thoughts according to its own agenda. The first thing each nature needs is energy to drive its own system — every system runs on energy. Wholesomeness needs the energy of merit to drive its system; unwholesomeness needs the energy of demerit; neutrality needs its own kind of energy too.
But to bring that energy in, each nature must first overlay its own quality onto the heart — the heart works like a generator that draws power in. If unwholesomeness wants to draw in the energy of demerit, it must overlay unwholesome qualities onto the heart; if wholesomeness, wholesome qualities; if neutrality, its own neutral qualities — just as different vehicles run on different fuels, some on diesel, some on petrol, depending on what the system requires.
Feeling Reveals Who Is on the Throne
Each nature has a different goal. Wholesomeness aims for growth, , and comfort. That's why feeling (vedanā) can only register three states: pleasant, unpleasant, or neither. If we feel pleasant or comfortable, it means wholesomeness has taken the throne and is showing its quality as happiness and ease. If unwholesomeness has seized control, feeling registers as suffering — because suffering is the signature quality of unwholesomeness, a state that must be endured and is hard to bear. But if feeling registers as neither pleasant nor unpleasant, that shows neutrality has taken hold — neither giving happiness nor suffering; that blank, neutral quality is its signature.
The point of contemplating body, feeling, mind, and mental objects is to reveal which nature is controlling us. Whichever nature seizes control overlays its own body, feeling, mind, and objects onto ours, and we can then know, in this very moment, who is governing our life. When unwholesomeness is on the throne, the body feels restless, agitated. When wholesomeness is on the throne, body and mind feel at ease. When neutrality is on the throne, we feel neither comfortable nor distressed, neither agitated nor quite calm.
Mind and Mental Objects Tell the Same Truth
Mind (citta) is the thought that arises in our heart. Whichever nature holds the throne overlays its own s. When wholesomeness governs, the overlaid thoughts are refined, fitting the situation, pleasant, admirable — the emotions gentle and soft. Yet many times we wish we could think this way and don't know how; that's because when unwholesomeness is on the throne, it substitutes lower-quality body, feeling, mind, and objects instead. Its mental factors are greed, aversion, delusion, lust, and — producing thoughts that are troubling, negative, full of jealousy and envy, causing us distress. Wholesomeness, by contrast, elevates the mind; neutrality is neither good nor bad, adding nothing beyond whatever memory is already there.
Contemplating body, feeling, mind, and mental objects lets us see how these three natures take turns occupying the throne of the heart, each in its own way. Once we understand the three characteristics in this sense, we can practice correctly — this understanding itself is a form of liberation through wisdom (paññā-vimutti). We come to know that only these three natures drive everything, and we stop blaming others or ourselves — we look instead at the root cause: unwholesomeness leads to one outcome, wholesomeness to another, simply because that is their nature. Understanding life this way, quarrels may not even arise — wholesomeness turns big matters small, while unwholesomeness turns trivial matters into big ones.
Craving and Sorrow as the Fruit of Kamma
In the third part of this teaching, the Buddha teaches us to deal with covetousness (abhijjhā) and grief (domanassa) toward the world. Abhijjhā means delight that gives rise to greed and elation; domanassa means sorrow. Both arise from the boundary of the world — what we perceive through eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body, out to forms, tastes, smells, sounds, and touches. That is the external world; the mind is the internal world. A human being is thus made of these two worlds. The external world branches into work, finances, family, business, politics, agriculture, and countless other things.
Schools Teach Knowledge Toward Happiness, But Never Purity
If we only try to fix the external world, the results help only so much, because the external world is the world of people, while the internal world is the world of the mind. Most people don't know the internal world at all, so they only ever try to fix the external — sending their children to study, for instance — but that is still only learning about the external world. What the external world teaches is leading toward happiness. The internal world, however, must be made of knowledge together with happiness and . As long as we don't know the internal world, we will never know purity.
If we ask ourselves right now what purity we actually know, most of us don't know at all — even someone with a bachelor's degree, a master's degree, even a doctorate still doesn't know what knowledge leading to purity actually is, or what true purity looks like. Formal education only teaches us to perceive through the eyes into the external world; it gives knowledge, but never purity alongside it.
Craving and Sorrow Are the Fruit of Past Kamma
The abhijjhā and domanassa that arise in each present moment are the fruit of — the causes we sowed in the past. Good, correct causes sown in the past bring happiness and delight when they ripen; incorrect causes bring results that are unwelcome and distressing when they appear in the present. Whether the past is near or far, every present moment is the fruit of kamma continuously ripening. Understanding this, we need to maintain equanimity — if we can stay neutral, greed and aversion won't arise; non-greed and non-aversion arise in their place. The Buddha taught us to recognize abhijjhā and domanassa precisely so that unwholesome mental factors like greed and aversion don't overlay the heart, letting wholesome mental factors take their place instead. Once wholesomeness is established, it draws merit in, making body and mind light, refined, and quick.
What the Three Characteristics Really Mean in Practice
In this teaching, the three characteristics refer to the three natures that govern all beings — wholesome, unwholesome, and neutral — not some other interpretation. Understanding the truth of life this way lets us practice correctly.
Settling at the Seventh Base, the Center of the Body
Our teachers placed the seat of the mind at because it is the crucial point through which we pass on the middle way toward Nibbāna. This point sits at the intersection of two imagined lines — one running up from the navel, the other running left to right — crossing about two finger-widths above the navel. As we recite, we use "Samma-Arahang" as the marker and resting place of the mind at this point.
"Samma-Arahang" is the name of the One who practices rightly, practicing so as to be free from every defilement, full of wisdom, purity, and great compassion, complete in higher , higher mind, and higher wisdom. As we recite this name, his visual form appears — a crystal-clear, pure Buddha image, radiant like a lotus bud, full of life, able to smile, speak, and converse. At first we may sense this more through feeling than actually seeing it clearly — that's fine; simply keep recognizing it at ease.
The Buddha Image Gradually Merges as One With Us
As the recitation continues, the Buddha image gradually grows clearer and larger, until it merges as one with us from head to toe. He leads our mind to expand outward, then returns to rest still at — mind at peace, body at peace. As each Buddha image arises and merges with us, he carries us toward liberation, one image at a time, then moves on to the next, continuing this way. We may do this deliberately or simply rest at ease — all we need is for the sphere of to arise.
Cultivating Insight and Calm to Steady the Sphere of Mindfulness
Once we understand that these three natures are what govern us, we need a meditation object for mindfulness to hold onto, rest on, and be aware of. Having benefited ourselves this way, we then turn to benefiting others too, because living within the cycle of rebirth, among the many beings gathered together, we absolutely need to support one another — we have all, at some point, been each other's parents, siblings, caring for and supporting one another.
Radiating Loving-Kindness to All Beings
Loving-kindness is a tool of wholesomeness, meant for those with more merit to support those with less. We set an intention of love and goodwill — not a possessive love, but one filled with sincere and pure goodwill, like a mother's love for her own young child. As we set this wish, arises as a bright sphere at the center of the heart. This loving-kindness has the special quality of dissolving resentment and irritation in the hearts of people and all beings — unlike candlelight or firelight which only illuminate the outside, the light of loving-kindness can illuminate both outside and inside.
The role of a human being is simply to direct the mind toward loving-kindness, and loving-kindness arises, showing its quality as love and goodwill — we then become one who "bears the ." Expand this heart outward to cover this place of practice, the village, subdistrict, district, province, country, neighboring countries, and the whole world — until the world becomes a crystal world, radiant. May the people and beings of the world be free from suffering and find happiness. May those who suffer greatly suffer less; those with little suffering be entirely free; those with little happiness find more; and those already happy find still greater happiness. Then expand further to the vastness of the cosmos, covering countless stars, so our goodwill shines and benefits ourselves and all beings without limit.
Dedicating Merit and Resting Still in the Triple Gem
Having radiated loving-kindness, we dedicate this merit to the people and beings of the world, to our ancestors, parents, siblings, grandparents, and teachers who have shown us kindness, and to the devas who help and support all beings — may everyone receive a share of this merit. We then bring our hearts to rest, still, in the center of the Triple Gem — Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha — and our great teachers, resting still in the most refined dhamma body of our revered Grand Master, Master, and Teacher. The mind is a servant that fulfills whatever it's set to.
Every day we need to rely on the Triple Gem and our teachers, because their kindness toward our lives is beyond measure — every single instant they watch over and help us, whether we are asleep or awake. As we recall them, we appear radiant within them, and they appear radiant within us; both we and they appear radiant within Nibbāna.
Setting the Wish and the Closing Prayer
Using this auspicious time, we pay respect and ask Nibbāna's blessing to set a lasting, successful pattern deep within our sphere of merit, so our path of perfections may be filled with knowledge, happiness, and purity, and every righteous wish fulfilled. We ask for the merit and power of Nibbāna and our teachers to combine with the merit we've built up since our first life, refining body, speech, mind, and every element to be radiant, clear, cool, clean, and pure, free from misfortune, bad kamma, and every obstacle; may greed, hatred, delusion, lust, , wrong view, craving, and clinging be uprooted; may we gain and penetrate the knowledge of the , achieving the three knowledges, eight higher knowledges, six superknowledges, four analytical s, eight liberations, and fifteen conducts, in full. The sit closes with the traditional chant and paying homage to the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha as our refuge, then asking for the boundless power of Nibbāna and the merit of our teachers to protect and care for us all until the very end of the path.