คำสอน · พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์Teaching · Pra Ajarn Suraphong
วัวกับควาย ดูภายนอกคล้ายกันแต่ภายในต่างกัน อุปมาการแยกแยะกุศลธรรมที่คล้ายคลึงกันCattle and Buffalo: Alike Outside, Different Within — A Simile for Telling Wholesome States Apart
พระอาจารย์สุรพงค์อธิบายว่าธรรมชาติสามฝ่ายควบคุมใจเราอย่างไรผ่านจิตและเจตสิก พร้อมยกอุปมาวัวกับควายซึ่งดูภายนอกคล้ายกันเป็นตัวดำๆ แต่ตัวผู้มีเขาตัวเมียไม่มีเขา และแต่ละตัวก็มีชื่อของตนเอง เพื่อสอนหลักการแยกแยะสภาวธรรมฝ่ายกุศลที่ดูคล้ายกันภายนอกแต่มีคุณสมบัติภายในต่างกัน ก่อนนำเข้าสู่การหลอมรวมกับองค์พระธรรมกาย การแผ่เมตตา และการอุทิศส่วนบุญPhra Ajarn Suraphong explains how the three natural forces control our minds through thought and mental factors, then offers the simile of cattle and buffalo — both appearing as similar dark-bodied animals, yet the males bear horns while the females do not, and each carries its own name — to teach how to distinguish wholesome states that look alike on the surface but differ in their inner qualities. The sit continues with merging into the Dhammakaya, radiating loving-kindness, and dedicating merit.
Practicing meditation is essential and important for every life, because our lives can only be sustained happily by pure energy — merit — and merit can only arise when we dwell with nature. We therefore need to learn how to dwell with the wholesome nature and train ourselves in it. Every other nature gives no benefit at all, and only breeds suffering, if that nature is unwholesome.
Over 2,000 years ago the Buddha taught: "Monks, you should clearly determine the body, feelings, mind, and mental phenomena, in order to remove covetousness and grief regarding the world." To dwell with the wholesome nature, we must begin with determining. We cannot simply let life drift along by fate without determining anything.
Fixing Attention on Body, Feeling, Mind, and Dhamma to Know the Truth of Life
Determining means specifying, marking, focusing — on the body, the feelings, the mind, and the , these four grounds only. Wherever we specify and mark, the mind is placed there. Once we go in and know it, the sphere of awareness, the sphere of , arises — because wholesome, unwholesome, and neutral states can all arise nowhere but the mind. Wherever we determine, the mind rests there, and mindfulness arises in the mind at that spot. Once mindfulness is established, it draws pure energy — merit — continuously into that location, purifying the Dhamma elements there to clarity and , clearing away the defilement of , the covering elements that conceal that inner dimension.
Once the covering elements are gone, we can enter the dimension at that spot. Entering a new inner dimension, it is still dark at first; mindfulness transforms into , perceiving what lies within that dimension. Clear comprehension then draws pure energy — merit — continuously into its own brightness, driving the wholesome system to refine our inner elements to cleanliness and purity, clearing away the defilements native to that dimension.
Beyond drawing in pure energy to purify the defilements that cause trouble and obstacles, this practice of determining also lets us know and understand the truth of life — namely, the very nature that controls all beings, including us, causing us to face fear, hardship, and every kind of obstacle. We can only come to know this nature by determining at the body, feelings, mind, and Dhamma.
How the Three Natural Forces Control Our Minds Through Thought and Mental Factors
If we determine at these four grounds, we begin to see how the three natural forces exert their control — starting by controlling the mind, and then using the mind to control the body, through an inner voice made of thoughts, channeled through their own thought and s. Our human being has one single mind but many mental factors. When one of the three natural forces seizes control as the "resident owner," it overlays its own thought and mental factors onto our mind, then directs our mind and mental factors through an inner voice and an inner feeling — the inner voice arising from thought, the inner feeling arising as a result of mental factors.
When that voice appears at the mind, it becomes our means of knowing: whatever the mind knows, we know. The mind is not us, and we are not the mind — it is merely an instrument of knowing. Knowing senon is called feeling; knowing through the eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body is called consciousness, upon which mind depends. Memory is the storehouse of recollection. Thought itself operates at different levels, laid over our mind by the nature operating behind the scenes.
The Guiding Minds of the Wholesome and the Unwholesome
If the thought and feelings overlaid upon us are wholesome, they belong to a level higher than the human being — such as the celestial body, the subtle form-realm body, or the formless-realm body — acting like a guiding companion mind that can uplift the human being. The thoughts and feelings they bring are good, reasonable, and wiser than the human mind, and the resulting behavior is refined, polite, humble, with manners that are pleasing, admirable, respectable, and endearing — because a wholesome mind belongs to a level above the human being; the more refined the celestial body, the more beautiful it becomes; the brahma body is calm, still, and pure.
But if the thought and mental factors are unwholesome, they belong to a level below the human being — such as a wandering spirit, or a being of hell, an asura, or an animal. This unwholesome mind overlays itself and presses one down, lower and lower — from hell to the great hells, growing ever darker and coarser, level by level. Those who commit wrongdoing without fear of consequence — killing living beings or people easily, stealing, sexual misconduct, disregarding the suffering their actions cause to others' families, indulging in intoxication, speaking falsehoods — all of this results from an unwholesome mind overlaying itself and dragging one down.
Behavior Reveals the Quality of the Mind That Governs Us
When a particular thought and its mental factors arrive as a set, body, feeling, mind, and Dhamma all arrive together, and behavior appears at the body. Notice how, when aversion arises, bodily behavior changes; when lust arises, behavior follows suit. Aversion, greed, lust, and the five hindrances all cause the human body's behavior to shift. But when wholesomeness governs the decision, the human body's behavior becomes refined and courteous.
Understanding this dissolves the problem of fear, because we fear precisely because we do not know — but once we know, we need not fear even when death stands directly before us, because we know where we will go, how we will live. Fear applies only to those who do not know the truth of life; without that , one lives only in dread, suffering because of fear. This is why we must determine at the body, feelings, mind, and Dhamma — only through these four grounds can we come to know the truth of life. Determining at the body reveals the behavior of whatever has overlaid us; at feelings, we sense what it feels; at the mind, we hear the voice of its thinking; and the Dhamma is the feeling that appears in the mind.
The Simile of Cattle and Buffalo: Same Form, Different Name
The inner world, like the outer world, is entirely composed of form and name as an inseparable pair; nothing exists on its own without both. Wholesome form has the character of a clear, bright sphere; unwholesome form is a dark, black sphere. Within each sphere is contained a different quality. All 84,000 sections of wholesome Dhamma appear outwardly the same — clear, bright spheres, indistinguishable from one another — yet they differ in the inner state contained within, and so we name each according to its quality: relaxation differs from spaciousness, compassion differs from , equanimity or sympathetic joy each differ from the rest — even though, as spheres, they all appear identical, clear and bright.
**It is like cattle and buffalo.** Looked at outwardly, both appear as dark-bodied animals; the buffalo, too, is dark-bodied — the male bears horns, the female does not — yet each individual animal has its own name; the owner knows and has given each a name they recognize. Even though the animals look alike, their inner qualities and disposition differ. "," too, is a name called according to precisely this kind of quality.
The Seventh Base: The Gateway to the Path of Nibbāna
In determining, we can fix attention at the body's center — gives us complete access, just the same. Our teachers therefore instruct us to determine at the seventh base, an important position — the gateway leading to the path of nibbāna. The world does not know where this gateway lies, but those who know point to this very spot: the seventh base.
To enter the inner world, our teachers instruct us to part the eyelids softly rather than close them fully, because closing them fully brings total darkness, and we may slip into the dimension where lies in wait with , leaving us groggy and drowsy. They therefore instruct us to part the eyelids softly, just enough for the eyelashes to touch, letting a little light through. At that moment we stand midway between the inner and outer worlds, avoiding the dimension where the unwholesome waits, while still drawing a little help from outer light. We can then visualize the two lines crossing like a crosshair at the level of the navel, and two finger-widths above it, a small clear bright sphere resting there. Visualizing with the eyes softly open works better than visualizing with the eyes fully shut, which is dark and difficult.
Samma Arahang, Nemittaka-nāma, and Connecting with the Inner Knower
While standing at this gateway between the inner and outer worlds, we chant "Samma Arahang" from a deep, subtle level of awareness, so as to connect with the subtle inner background. The mind is a substance of accomplishment: whatever we determine, that is what arises, and the state itself becomes correspondingly subtle. "Samma Arahang" is a nemittaka-nāma, a name called according to its qualities. When we utter this name, he appears at the mind — nowhere else, only at the mind — the one bearing exactly these qualities, because form and name are an inseparable pair; whatever we determine, that form appears, since the mind is a substance of accomplishment.
"Samma Arahang" means the one who practices well and rightly, in a way that leads far from all defilements — the most sublime object of all. Determining upon this brings only benefit, without measure, because he is endowed with the s of supreme wisdom, purity, and great compassion.
Merging as One with the Crystal Dhammakaya
Once we utter his name, he does not appear empty-handed. He appears bringing the elements of seeing, remembering, thinking, and knowing — earth, water, wind, fire, space, and consciousness — refining them to clarity, cleanliness, and purity, clearing away every defilement. Not only that, he expands and merges as one with our human body, watching over and protecting us, merging him and us into one — because his wish is for us and him to become a single unity, so he may help us with the fullest efficiency.
We use the actor's technique: adopting the feeling of that character we are to portray. Recalling the character brings its corresponding thought and mental factors to mind, arriving together with body, feeling, mind, and Dhamma — bodily behavior and emotional feeling both appearing at the mind as our means of knowing. We use this same principle, adopting the feeling that we are the Buddha image, the Buddha image is us — that we are the one who practices well and rightly, far from all defilements. Understanding this meaning elevates our mind. Our body transforms into the Dhamma-body, the clear crystal Buddha image, sparkling and radiant, from the crown of the head, face, cheeks, shoulders, arms, and torso, all becoming the radiant crystal Dhammakaya, clear, cool, clean, and pure. The feeling of being human fades, leaving only the feeling of the Buddha-body — clear, sparkling, radiant, refined, soft, and gentle.
Cessation-Attainment: Stopping Within Stopping, Stilling Within Stillness, at the Center of the Buddha Image
Having merged our body with his as one, we merge our mind with his mind as one too. We need to know what the Dhamma-body, the Buddha image, is doing within us: he is dwelling in cessation-attainment, gathering the mind to stop, gathering it to be still, soft and at ease, to refine our mind to clarity and purity, steadying our mind into stillness. We do as he does: stopping within stopping, stilling within stillness, relaxed and at ease, clear, cool, clean, and pure, at the center of the Buddha image, the center of our body, the center of our mind.
Stopping within stopping, stilling within stillness, into the very center of the center, knowing the center, stopping the center, stilling the center, at the Buddha image, the center of our body and mind, we send our heart and mind straight along the path to nibbāna — not left, not right, not forward, not back, not up, not down, but into the center of the sphere, the center of the Buddha image. As we enter the center of the sphere, the sphere expands; as we enter , the body expands; we continue stilling within the center of the sphere, the center of the body — into the center of the Buddha image, the center of the Triple Gem, the center of nibbāna, uncountable in number beyond reckoning.
The Triple Gem Beyond Race and Religion
Nibbāna is every Buddha, every Independently-Enlightened One, and every Arahant — all of them practiced well and rightly, far from all defilements, and were thereby liberated from the cycle of rebirth, dwelling within the realm of nibbāna. Even having gone, they have not truly gone to sleep — they continue to benefit all beings without any distinction of race, religion, or lineage, even those without any religion at all; he makes no distinction, caring for all equally, knowing that everyone has simply been obscured by the unwholesome. Everyone wishes to perceive what is right and good, but the unwholesome conceals it from them; this is why beings remain as they are.
Whatever being abides in universal goodness, the Triple Gem shines bright within their heart, and a continuous stream of merit from nibbāna flows through the center of their body and mind for as long as they abide in that universal goodness. Nibbāna compounds the merit flowing through, refining them to purity and liberation, clearing away the defilements that would otherwise cause future suffering and harm.
Radiating Loving-Kindness Across the Universe
All our lives follow the same pattern: by day we pursue our honest livelihood, and in the evening, returning home, we bathe and cleanse the body, then come to practice, cultivating , determining so the sphere of awareness arises, drawing in pure energy to refine and liberate us from one dimension into the next, continuously. Once we dwell within the Triple Gem and within nibbāna, we cultivate loving-kindness, bringing benefit to people and all beings.
Loving-kindness is a tool of the wholesome Dhamma, for those with abundant merit to support those with less, by setting a genuine wish for their well-being. Though it remains loving-kindness throughout, its quality can vary, so our revered teacher advised us to draw on the heart of a mother, full of love and goodwill for her small child, and set that as the sphere of loving-kindness in our own heart — because a mother's heart carries a quality so complete she would give even her own life for her child's .
Setting this wish with that very quality of heart, we wish: may the people of the world and all beings be free from suffering and find happiness everywhere. The sphere of loving-kindness appears bright at the center of our mind, dispelling all irritation and resentment within us. The stream of merit pours continuously into the brightness of this loving-kindness. We then expand this loving mind to cover our home, our neighborhood, sub-district, district, province, country, neighboring countries, until it covers the whole world, turning it into a crystal world, bright, cool, clean, and pure. May the people of the world and all beings — earthbound devas, tree devas, sky devas, celestial beings of every heaven, form-realm and formless-realm brahmas, as well as beings in hell, asuras, and animals — be free from suffering and find happiness everywhere; may those greatly suffering suffer less; may those with little suffering be entirely free of it; may those with little happiness have more; may those already happy be happier still.
We expand further still into the atmosphere of the universe, covering countless stars, and onward through the ten-thousand world-systems and the boundless universes. Loving-kindness also refines the environment — earth, water, air, sky, clouds, mountains, seas and oceans, forests, crops, buildings, homes, and belongings — making them bright and pure, so that the people of the world and all beings may dwell there happily. Whoever brings benefit into being for the world and the universe may in turn draw upon the treasures of the world and the universe.
Dedicating Merit to Benefactors and Karmic Counterparts
Gathering the mind to be still within this radiant loving-kindness that continues shining across the ten-thousand world-systems, the stream of merit still pours continuously into the brightness of this sphere. We dedicate this merit to people and all beings, and to our ancestors and relatives, including our parents, siblings, grandparents, our retinue, our revered teachers who have shown us kindness, the devas who help and support us, our caretakers and guardians, and all beings we may ever have wronged, our **karmic counterparts** (khu-kam khu-wen). May we forgive one another and may all receive a share of this merit equally.
Merging with the Triple Gem and the Great Teachers, and the Closing Aspiration
Gathering the mind to stop, to be still, within this pure sphere of merit, within happiness, purity, and radiance, we soak in the brightness of this merit continuously flowing through the center of our body and mind. We then still the mind within the Triple Gem — the Buddha Jewel, the Dhamma Jewel, the Sangha Jewel — and within the Great Teachers, the utterly refined Dhamma-body of our revered Grand Teacher, our Teacher, and Khun Yay Acharn, for they are of the greatest benefit to our lives. Every single instant, without pause, they watch over and help us, guiding us to abide in goodness, drawing in pure energy to refine our inner elements, clearing away defilements, bringing purity and liberation, connecting us to the stream of merit and blessing. The Great Teachers gather merit and Dhamma for us every time we perform a good deed, and when we cultivate loving-kindness, they refine and help us bring the greatest possible benefit to the world and all beings.
Having appeared bright within nibbāna, within the realm of the knower of measureless power, uncountable in number beyond reckoning, we take this moment to pay respect and make an aspiration, sealing our good and rightful wishes into this sphere of merit until the very culmination of the Dhamma — that our entire path of building perfections be a life filled with knowledge, happiness, and purity, and every rightful, good wish be fulfilled. May all the merit and perfections accumulated since our very first life, through countless lifetimes, combine into a sacred, powerful merit that refines our body, speech, mind, and elements to brightness, coolness, cleanliness, and purity, freeing us from calamity, sacred sin, karmic results, and every obstacle in life, until greed, hatred, delusion, lust, ignorance, wrong view, craving, and clinging are extinguished without remainder. May we gain the Dhamma-eye, penetrating fully into the knowledge of the Dhammakaya, attaining the Threefold Knowledge, the Eightfold Knowledge, the Six Higher Powers, the Four Analytical Insights, the Eight Liberations, and the Fifteen Conducts, complete in every respect. May we enjoy good health and long life to build merit and perfections throughout our lives, and when the time comes to leave this world, may we be born in the Tusita heaven among the assembly of future Buddhas, returning to be born into a family of right view in the human world, studying the knowledge of the Dhammakaya correctly and in accordance with the truth, always.